The arch of the foot , formed by tarsal and metatarsal bones, is amplified by ligaments and tendons, allowing the legs to support weight in the upright posture with the lowest body weight.
They are categorized as curved and horizontal curvature.
Video Arches of the foot
Structure
Longitudinal arch
Curved legs can be divided into medial and lateral arches.
Medial curvature
The medial curvature is higher than the lateral longitudinal arch. It is made by calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral), and the first, second, and third metatarsals.
The peak is located on the superior articular surface of the talus, and two extremities or wharves, where it stands, are tuberosities in the posterior plantar surface of the calcaneus and the first, second, and third heads of the metatarsal bone. anterior. The main characteristic of this curvature is its elasticity, due to the high and small number of small joints between its component parts.
The weakest part (ie, the part most likely to be produced from overpressure) is the connection between the talus and the navicular, but this part is reinforced by the spring plantarumuler ligament ligament, which is elastic and thus can quickly restore the arch to its original state when disturbing forces deleted. The ligaments are medial reinforced by integrating with the ankle deltoid ligament, and are supported inferiorly by the posterior tendon of the Tibialis, which spreads in fan-shaped insertion and prevents undue ligament tension or the amount of such stretching. will be permanently elongated.
This arch is further supported by plantar aponeurosis, by small muscles in the soles of the feet (short muscles of the big toe), by tendons of the anterior and posterior Tibialis and PeronÃÆ'Â|us longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and ligaments of all the articulation involved.
Lateral arch
The lateral arch consisted of the fourth and fifth calanse, cuboid, and metatarsal.
The two main features of this arch are solidity and a slight elevation. Two strong, plantar long, and plantar calcaneocuboid ligaments, along with extensor tendons and short muscles of the little finger, maintain their integrity.
The fundamental elongated cliff
While this medial and lateral curv can be easily represented as the antero-posterior arch of the leg component, the fundamental longitudinal arch is contributed by both, and consists of a calcaneus, a cube, a third cuneiform, and a third metatarsal: all other bones of the foot can be removed without damaging this curvature.
Transversal arch
In addition to the longitudinal curve the legs present a series of transverse arches.
In the posterior portion of the metatarsus and the anterior portion of the arch tarsus is complete, but in the center of the tarsus they present more half-domed characters, whose basins point downwards and toward the medial, so that when the medial border of the foot is placed in the complete tarsal dome apposition is formed. The transverse arch consists of three pointed, cubes, and five metatarsal bases. The transverse arch is reinforced by interosseous, plantar, and dorsal ligaments, by short muscles of the first and fifth toes (especially the transverse head of the Adductor hallucis), and by Longus PeronÃÆ'Â|us, whose tendons extend between the arches.
Maps Arches of the foot
Function
The medial elongated curvature in particular creates a space for soft tissue with elastic properties, which act as a spring, especially thick plantar aponeurosis, which travels from the heel to the toes. Because of their elastic properties, these soft tissues can spread the strength of the soil-contact reaction over a longer period of time, thereby reducing the risk of musculoskeletal damage or damage, and they can also store energy from this power, returning it in the next step and thus reducing running costs and , in particular, running, where the vertical strength is higher.
Clinical interests
The anatomy and shape of the longitudinal and transverse arches of a person can determine the types of susceptible injuries. The height of one's arch is determined by the height of the navicular bone. The collapse of the elongated arch produces what is known as a flat foot. A person with low longitudinal arches, or flat soles will tend to stand and walk with their feet in supine positions, where the feet are pulled out or rolled in. This makes people susceptible to heel pain, arch pain and plantar fasciitis. People with flat feet may also have more difficulty doing exercises that require their weight support on their toes.
People who have high elongated arches or cavus legs tend to walk and stand with their feet in supine position where the legs are turned upside down or rolling outwards. High bends can also cause plantar fasciitis because they cause the plantar fascia to stretch away from the calcaneus or heel bone. In addition, high or low arches may increase the risk of shin splints because the anterior tibialis should work harder to prevent the foot from slapping the ground.
Other animals
Non-human apes (gibbons, lowland mountains and gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees and bonobos) tend to travel on the lateral side of the foot, ie with an 'upside-down' leg, which may reflect a basic adaptation to walk on a limb. It is often held that their feet do not have longitudinal arches, but the footprints created by apes run bipedal, which must directly or indirectly reflect the pressure they use to support and encourage themselves indicate that they use underfoot pressure below the center their medial legs.
However, the human foot, and the human medial elongated arch, differ in that the anterior portion of the leg medally rotates on the posterior part of the foot, so that all the toes touch the ground at the same time, and the twist is so marked that the most medial toes, big toes or hallux, (on some individual toes) tend to exert the greatest driving force in walking and running. This gives the human foot an 'evert' or relatively relative outward appearance compared to other apes. A strong twist of the anterior portion of the human foot on the posterior side tends to increase the medial longitudinal arch height. However, there is now considerable evidence that wearing shoes also accentuates the height of the medial elongated arch and that the height of the medial longitudinal arch is also very different between individuals and at different speeds.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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