DisplayPort

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DisplayPort ( DP ) is a digital display interface developed by the PC consortium and chipmakers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect video sources to a display device such as a computer monitor, and can also carry audio, USB, and other data forms.

DisplayPort is designed to replace VGA, DVI, and FPD-Link. The interface is compatible with other interfaces, such as HDMI and DVI, through the use of active or passive adapters.

Video DisplayPort

Overview

DisplayPort is the first display interface to rely on packaged data transmission, a form of digital communication found in technologies such as Ethernet, USB, and PCI Express. This allows the use of internal and external display connections, and unlike legacy standards that send clock signals with each output, the DisplayPort protocol is based on a small data packet known as micro packets , which can embed the signal clock in the data stream. This allows higher resolution using fewer pins. The use of data packets also makes DisplayPort expandable, meaning additional features can be added from time to time without significant changes to the physical interface.

DisplayPort can be used to send audio and video simultaneously, although each is optional and can be transmitted without the other. The video signal path can range from six to sixteen bits per color channel, and the audio path can have up to eight 24-bit, 192 spaces of uncompressed PCM audio. Bi-directional, half-duplex auxiliary channel brings device management and device control data for Main Links, such as VESA EDID, MCCS, and DPMS standards. In addition, this interface is capable of carrying two-way USB signals.

DisplayPort uses an LVDS signal protocol that is incompatible with DVI or HDMI. However, dual-mode DisplayPorts are designed to transmit a single DVI or HDMI protocol (TMDS) across the interface through the use of external passive adapters. This adapter enables compatibility mode and converts the signal from 3.3 volts to 5 volts. For analog VGA/YPbPr and dual-link DVI, an active enabled adapter is supported for compatibility and does not rely on dual mode. The active VGA adapter is supported by the DisplayPort connector directly, while the active dual-link DVI adapter usually depends on external power sources such as USB.

Maps DisplayPort

Version

1.0 to 1.1

The first version, 1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006. Version 1.1 was ratified on 2 April 2007, and version 1.1a was ratified on January 11, 2008.

DisplayPort 1.0-1.1a allows maximum bandwidth of 10.8 Ã, Gbit/s (8.64 Gbit/s data rate) via standard 4-line link. DisplayPort cable up to 2 meters is required to support bandwidth 10.8 Gbit/s full. DisplayPort 1.1 enables devices to implement alternative link layers such as optical fibers, enabling a much longer reach between source and display without signal degradation, although alternative implementations are not standardized. It also includes HDCP in addition to DisplayPort Content Protection (DPCP). Standard DisplayPort Ã, 1.1a can be downloaded for free from the VESA website.

1,2

DisplayPort version 1.2 was introduced on January 7, 2010. The most significant improvement of the new version is the effective bandwidth doubling to 17.28 Gbit/s in High Bit Rate 2 (HBR2) mode, which allows increased resolution, higher refresh, and greater color depth. Other improvements include multiple independent video streams (daisy-chain connections with multiple monitors) called Multi-Stream Transport, facilities for stereoscopic 3D, upgraded AUX channel bandwidth (from 1 Ã, Mbit/s to 720 Ã, Mbit/sec), more color space including xvYCC, scRGB and Adobe RGB 1998, and Global Time Code (GTC) for audio/video sync sub 1 Ã, Ã, Âμs. Also the Mini DisplayPort Apple Inc. connector, which is much smaller and designed for laptop computers and other small devices, is compatible with the new standards.

1.2a

DisplayPort version 1.2a was released in January 2013 and may optionally include VESA Adaptive Sync . AMD FreeSync uses the Adaptive-Sync DisplayPort feature for operation. FreeSync was first demonstrated at CES 2014 on Toshiba Satellite laptops by utilizing the Self-Refresh (PSR) feature of the Embedded DisplayPort standard, and after a proposal from AMD, VESA adapted the Self-Refresh Panel feature to use in stand-alone view and added as an optional feature of the main DisplayPort standard with the name "Adaptive-Sync" in version 1.2a. Since this is an optional feature, support for Adaptive-Sync is not required for DisplayPort 1.2a-compliant display.

1.3

DisplayPort version 1.3 was approved on September 15, 2014. This standard increases the overall transmission bandwidth to 32.4 Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1 Gbit/s per lane (up from 5.4 Ã, Gbit/s with HBR2 in version 1.2), for total data throughput 25.92 Gbit/s after factoring in 8b/10b overhead encoding. This bandwidth is enough for a 4K UHD display (3840 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2160) at 120 Ã, Hz with 24 Ã , bit/px RGB color, 5K display (5120 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2880) at 60 Ã, Hz with 30 bit/px RGB color, or 8K UHD screen (7680 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 4320) at 30 Ã , Hz with 24 Ã, bit/px RGB color. Using Multi-Stream Transport (MST), DisplayPort ports can drive two 4K UHD (3840 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2160) displayed on 60 Hz, or up to four WQXGA (2560 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 1600) is displayed on 60 Ã, Hz with 24 bit/px RGB color. New standards include Dual-Mandatory mode for DVI and HDMI adapters, applying HDMI Ã, 2.0 standard and HDCP Ã, 2.2 content protection. The Thunderbolt 3 connection standard initially included the capability of DisplayPort Ã, 1.3, but the final release ended with version 1.2 only. The VESA Adaptive Sync feature in DisplayPort version 1.3 remains an optional part of the specification.

1.4

DisplayPort version 1.4 was published March 1, 2016. No new transmission mode is specified, so HBR3 (32.4 Gbit/s) as introduced in version 1.3 is still the highest available mode. DisplayPort Ã, 1.4 adds support for Display Stream Compression 1.2 (DSC), Forward Error Correction, HDR10 extensions defined in CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata, Rec. 2020 color space, and expand the maximum number of inline audio channels to 32.

DSC is a "lossless" encoding technique with 3: 1 compression ratio. Using DSC with HBR3 transmission rate, DisplayPort 1.4 can support 8K UHD (7680 Ã, ÃÆ'â € < span> Ã, 4320) at 60 Ã, Hz with 30 Ã, bit/px RGB and HDR colors, or 4K UHD (3840 Ã , ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2160) at 120 Ã, Hz with 30 colors bit/px RGB and HDR. 4K on 60 Ã, Hz with 30 colors bit/px RGB and HDR can be achieved without the need for DSC. On displays that do not support DSC, the maximum limit is unchanged from DisplayPort Ã, 1.3 (4K 120 Ã, Hz, 5K 60 Ã, Hz, 8K 30 Ã, Hz).

Next version

According to the roadmap published by VESA in September 2016, a new version of DisplayPort is meant to be launched in "early 2017". That will increase the link level from 8.1 to 10.0 Gbit/s, a 24% increase. This will increase the total bandwidth from 32.4 Ã, Gbit/s to 40.0 Ã, Gbit/s. It is unclear whether the new version will continue to use the 8b/10b scheme for transport coding like the previous version, but if so, the maximum data rate for the video will be 32.0 Gbit/s.

However, no new version was released in 2017, possibly delayed for further improvements after the HDMI Forum announced in January 2017 that their next standard (HDMI Ã, 2.1) will offer up to 48 Ã, Gbit/s bandwidth. According to a press release on January 3, 2018, "VESA is also currently engaging with its members in the development of next-generation DisplayPort standards, with plans to increase the data rate enabled by DisplayPort by doubling and so on.VESA plans to publish this update in 18 months front. ". This means bandwidth of about 64.8 Gbit/s for the next version of DisplayPort. Assuming 8b/10b encoding, this will provide a data rate of 51.84 Gbit/s.

This will allow for uncompressed video formats RGB/YC _B C _R 4: 4: 4 as high as:

• 8K (7680 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 4320) @ 60 Ã, Hz 8 Ã, bpc (24 Ã, bit/px) or 50 Ã, Hz 10 Ã, bpc (30 bit/px)
• 5K (5120 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2880) @ 120 Ã, Hz 8 Ã, bpc or 100 Ã, Hz 10 bpc
• 4K (3840 Ã, ÃÆ'â € " Ã, 2160) @ 200 Ã, Hz 8 Ã, bpc or 180 Ã, Hz 10 bpc

A higher resolution/refresh rate should also be possible through the use of DSC (compression) or chroma subsampling (R Ã, 4: 2 : 2 or 4: 2: 0). Higher compression formats are also possible if the new version replaces the 8b/10b encoding with a more efficient coding method.

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Specifications

Main specs

Primary link

The DisplayPort main link is used for video and audio transmissions. The primary link consists of a number of simultaneous serial data channels operating simultaneously, called paths . Standard DisplayPort connections have 4 lanes, though some applications from DisplayPort apply more, such as Thunderbolt 3 interface that implements up to 8 lanes of DisplayPort.

In a standard DisplayPort connection, each path has a special twisted-pair cable set, and transmits data through it using differential signals with ANSI 8b/10b encoding. This is a self-clocking system, so no special channel clock signal is required. Unlike DVI and HDMI, which change their transmission speed to the exact level required for certain video formats, DisplayPort only operates at some speed; any excess bits in the transmission are filled with a "stuffing symbol". The DisplayPort transmission mode is as follows:

• RBR : 1.62 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (162 Ã, symbol rate link MHz)
• HBR (High Bit Level): 2.70 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (270 symbol rate link MHz)
• HBR2 (High Bit Level 2): ​​5.40 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (540 Ã, MHz symbol rate link) , introduced in DP 1.2
• HBR3 (High Bit Level 3): 8.10 Gbit/s bandwidth per lane (810 Ã, MHz link symbol level), introduced in DP 1.3

Bandwidth represents the rate at which signals representing 1s or 0s are transmitted physically across the interface on each path. Since the DisplayPort primary link uses 8b/10b encoding, only 8 of every 10 bits transmitted represent data; an additional two bits are used to balance the DC (ensuring an approximately equal number of 1s and 0s). Transmission speed is also sometimes expressed in terms of "Link Symbol Rate", which is the rate at which 8b/10b-encoded symbols are transmitted (ie the rate at which groups of 10 bits are transmitted, 8 of which represent data).

total bandwidth of the primary link in a standard 4-line connection is a combination of all the lanes:

• RBR : 0 4 ÃÆ'â € "1,62 Gbit/s = 0 6 , 48 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate 5,184 Ã, Gbit/s or 648 Ã, MB/s with encoding 8b/10b)
• HBR : 0 4 ÃÆ'â € "2.70 Gbit/s = 10.80 Gbit/s bandwidth data 8.64 Gbit/s or 1.08 Ã, GB/s)
• HBR2 : 4 ÃÆ'â € "5.40 Ã, Gbit/s = 21,60 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate 17 , 28 Gbit/s or 2.16 GB/s)
• HBR3 : 4 ÃÆ'â € "8.10 Gbit/s = 32.40 Gbit/s bandwidth (data rate 25.92 Gbit/s or 3.24 GB/s)

The transmission mode used by the DisplayPort primary link is negotiated by the source device and sinks when the connection is made, through a process called Link Training . This process determines the possibility of maximum connection speed. If the quality of the DisplayPort cable is not sufficient to handle the HBR2 speed reliably for example, the DisplayPort device will detect this and switch to a lower mode to maintain a stable connection. The link can be renegotiated any time if a loss of sync is detected.

Audio data is sent through the main link during the video's discharging interval (short pauses between each row and video data frame).

Additional channels

The AUX DisplayPort channel is a two-duplex two-way data channel used for additional data beyond video and audio (such as I ² C or CEC) commands at the manufacturer's discretion. The AUX signal is transmitted via a special twisted-pair cable set. DisplayPort Ã, 1.0 specifies the Manchester encoding with 2 Mbaud signal rate (1 Mbit/s data rate). DisplayPort Ã, 1.2 introduces a second transmission mode called FAUX (Fast AUX), which operates on 720 Mbaud with 8b/10b encoding (576 Mbit/s data rate). This can be used to implement additional transport protocols such as USB Ã, 2.0 (480 Mbit/s)) without the need for additional cables, but has seen little practical use at the time. 2018.

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Cables and connnectors

Cable

Features compatibility and support

All DisplayPort cables are compatible with all DisplayPort devices, regardless of each device's version or cable certification level.

All DisplayPort features will work across all DisplayPort cables. DisplayPort does not have a lot of cable design; all DP cables have the same basic layout and cabling, and will support all features including audio, daisy-chaining, G-Sync/FreeSync, HDR, and DSC.

DisplayPort cable is different in support of its transmission speed. DisplayPort specifies four different transmission modes (RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3) that support progressively higher bandwidth. Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of performing all four transmission modes. VESA offers certification for each bandwidth level. This certification is optional, and not all DisplayPort cables are VESA certified.

Cables with limited transmission speed are still compatible with all DisplayPort devices, but may place limits on the maximum resolution or refresh rate available.

It should be noted that the DisplayPort cable is not classified by "version". Although cables are generally labeled with version number, with HBR2 cable advertised as "DisplayPort Ã, 1.2" cable for example, this notation is not allowed by VESA. The use of the cable version number may imply that the DisplayPort display Ã, 1.4 requires "DisplayPort Ã, 1.4" cable, or features introduced in DP 1.4 such as HDR or DSC will not work with older "DP Ã, 1.2" cables, whereas both are not true. DisplayPort cables are only classified by their bandwidth certification level (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3), if they have been certified at all.

Bandwidth and cable certification

Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of functioning at the highest bandwidth level. Cables can be submitted to VESA for optional certification at various bandwidth levels. VESA offers the following certifications:

In April 2013, VESA published an article stating that the DisplayPort cable certification did not have different levels for HBR and HBR2 bandwidth, and that Standard Certified DisplayPort Cables - including those certified below DisplayPort standard Ã, 1.1 - would capable of handling 21.6 Gbit/s bandwidth HBR2. Standard DisplayPort Ã, 1.2 not only specifies a single specification for High Bit Rate cable assemblies used for both HBR and HBR2 speeds (although it should be noted that the DP cable certification process is governed by DisplayPort Compliance Test Specification (CTS) not the DisplayPort standard itself); however, the VESA database of certified products appears to indicate different certifications for HBR and HBR2.

The DP8K certification was announced by VESA in January 2018, and provides certificates for correct operation at HBR3 speed (8.1 Ã, Gbit/s per lane, 32.4 Gbit/s total).

It should also be noted that the use of Display Stream Compression (DSC), introduced in DisplayPort Ã, 1.4, greatly reduces bandwidth requirements for cables. Formats that are usually beyond the limit of DisplayPort Ã, 1.4, such as 4K (3840 ÃÆ'â € <2160) at 144 Ã, Hz 8 bpc RGB/4: 4: 4 (31,4 Gbit/s data rate when uncompressed), can only be implemented using DSC. This will reduce the physical bandwidth requirement by 2-3x, putting it well in the HBR2-rated cable capability.

This exemplifies why the DisplayPort cable is not classified by "version"; although the DSC was introduced in version 1.4, this does not mean it requires the so-called "DP Ã,/span> 1.4 cable" (cable rated HBR3) to work. HBR3 cable is only required for applications that exceed HBR2 level bandwidth, not just applications involving DisplayPort 1.4. If DSC is used to reduce bandwidth requirement to HBR2 level, then HBR2-rated cable will suffice.

Cable length

The DisplayPort Standard does not specify the maximum length for the cable, although the DisplayPort 1.2 standard specifies the minimum requirement that all cables up to 2 meters must support HBR2 speed (21.6 Gbit/s), and all cables of any length should supports RBR speed (6.48 Ã, Gbit/s). Cables larger than 2 meters may support or not support HBR/HBR2 speeds, and any length cable may support or not support HBR3 speeds.

Connector and pin configuration

The DisplayPort cable and port may have a "full size" connector or a "mini" connector. These connectors differ only in physical form - capabilites from DisplayPort are the same regardless of which connector is used. Using the Mini DisplayPort connector does not affect the performance or support of connection features.

Full-size DisplayPort connector

The standard DisplayPort connector (now commonly called "full size" to distinguish it from mini-connectors) is the only type of connector introduced in DisplayPort Ã, 1.0. It is a 20-pin single-oriented connector with friction key and an optional mechanical latch. The standard DisplayPort container has dimensions of 16.10 Ã, mm (width) ÃÆ'â € "4,76 Ã, mm (height) ÃÆ'â €" 8.88 Ã , mm (depth).

The standard DisplayPort connector pin allocation is as follows:

• 12 pins for main link - the main link consists of four pairs of shielded twisted. Each pair needs 3 pins; one for each of the two cables, and a third for the shield. (pins 1-12)
• 3 pins for additional channels - additional channels using other 3-pin twisted pairs (pins 15-17)
• 1 pin for HPD - hot-plug detection pin (pin 18)
• 2 pins for power - 3.3 Power V and return line (pins 19 and 20)
• 2 additional ground pins - (pins 13 and 14)

Mini DisplayPort Connector

The Mini DisplayPort connector was developed by Apple for use in their computer products. It was first announced in October 2008 for use on the new MacBook Pro, MacBook Air and Cinema Display. In 2009, VESA adopted it as an official standard, and in 2010 the specifications merged into the main DisplayPort standard with the release of DisplayPort Ã, 1.2. Apple freely licensed the specifications for VESA.

The Mini DisplayPort connector (mDP) is a 20-pin single-orientation connector with a friction key. Unlike the full-size connector, it has no option for a mechanical latch. The mDP container has a dimension of 7.50 Ã, mm (width) ÃÆ'â € "4.60 Ã, mm (height) ÃÆ'â €" 4.99 Ã, mm (depth). The mDP pin assignment is the same as the full-size DisplayPort connector.

DP_PWR Pin

Pin 20 on the DisplayPort connector, called DP_PWR, provides 3.3 Ã, V (Ã, Â ± 10%) DC power of up to 500 Ã, mA (minimum power delivery 1.5 W). This power is available from all DisplayPort receivers, both on the source device and on the screen. DP_PWR is intended to provide power for adapters, reinforced cables, and similar devices, so a separate power cord is not required.

The Standard DisplayPort cable connection does not use the DP_PWR pin. Connecting pins of DP_PWR from two devices directly together over a cable can make short circuits that potentially damage the device, because the DP_PWR pins on the two devices may not have the exact same voltage (especially with a tolerance of ± 10%). For this reason, Standard DisplayPort Ã, 1.1 and higher specifies that the passive DisplayPort-to-DisplayPort cable must leave pin 20 disconnected.

However, by 2013 VESA announced that after investigating the reports of impaired DisplayPort devices, it has been found that a large number of non-certification vendors are making DisplayPort cables with connected DP_PWR pins:

Recently VESA has experienced quite a number of complaints about DisplayPort's troubled operations that were eventually caused by improperly created DisplayPort cables. These "bad" DisplayPort cables are generally limited to non-DisplayPort certified cables, or off-brand cables. To further investigate this trend in the DisplayPort cable market, VESA purchased a number of non-certification cables, outside the brand and found that a large number of the worries were incorrectly configured and likely will not support all system configurations. None of these cables will pass the DisplayPort certification test, let alone some of these cables potentially damage your PC, laptop, or monitor.

The provision that DP_PWR wire is removed from a standard DisplayPort cable is not present in the DisplayPort standard Ã, 1.0. However, it should be noted that DisplayPort (and cable) products did not start appearing in the market until 2008, long after version 1.0 has been replaced by version 1.1. Standard DisplayPort Ã, 1.0 is never applied in commercial products.

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Resolution and update the frequency cap

To support certain formats, source and display devices must support the required or higher version of DisplayPort. Note that the "version" of the connection depends on the port version of DisplayPort on the source device and sink, not on the DisplayPort cable itself.

8 Ã, bpc color depth (24 bit/px or 16.7 million colors) is assumed for all formats in this table. This is the standard color depth used on most computer displays. Please note that some operating systems refer to this as a "32-bit" color depth - this equals 24-bit color depth. 8 extra bits for alpha channel information, which are only in the software. At the transmission stage, this information has been entered into the main color channel, so the actual video data sent over the cable contains only 24 bits per pixel.

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Features

DisplayPort Dual-Mode (DP)

DisplayPort Dual-Mode is the standard that allows DisplayPort sources to use simple passive adapters to connect to a DVI Single-Link display or HDMI . Dual-mode is an optional feature, so not all DisplayPort sources always support the DVI/HDMI passive adapter, although in practice almost all devices do it. Officially, the "DP" logo should be used to show DP ports that support multiple modes, but most modern devices do not use logos.

Devices that implement dual mode will detect that DVI or HDMI adapter is attached, and send a DVDS/HDMI TMDS signal instead of a DisplayPort signal. The original DisplayPort Dual-Mode standard (version 1.0), used in DisplayPort Ã, 1.1 devices, supports only TMDS clock speeds up to 165 Ã, MHz (4.95 Gbit/s bandwidth). This is equivalent to HDMI Ã, 1.2, and enough for up to 1920 ÃÆ'â € " 1200 or 1920 ÃÆ'â €" 1200 at 60 Hz.

In 2013, VESA released the Dual-Mode 1.1 standard, which adds support for 300 Ã, MHz TMDS clock (9.00 Gbit/s bandwidth ), and is used in newer DisplayPort Ã, 1.2 devices. It's a little less than 340 maximum MHz HDMI Ã, 1.4, and enough for up to 1920 ÃÆ'â € " 1080 at 120 Hz, 2560 ÃÆ'â € " 1440 at 60 Ã, Hz, or 3840 ÃÆ'â €" 2160 at 30 Ã, Hz. The older adapter, which only reaches 165 speed MHz, is retroactively called "Type 1" adapter, with 300 new The MHz adapter is called " Type Ã, 2 ".

With the release of the DisplayPort Ã, 1.3 standard, VESA added dual mode support up to 600 x/span> MHz TMDS (18.00 Gbit/s bandwidth), full bandwidth HDMI Ã, 2.0. This is enough for 1920 ÃÆ'â € " 1080 at 240 Ã, Hz, 2560 ÃÆ'â €" 1440 on 144 Ã, Hz, or 3840 ÃÆ'â € " 2160 at 60 Ã, Hz. However, no passive adapters are capable of generating 600 mph double mode velocity Ã, , which has been produced in 2018.

Double Mode Restrictions

• Limited adapter speed - Although the pinout and digital signal values ​​transmitted by the DP port are identical to the original DVI/HDMI source, the signal is transmitted to the original DisplayPort voltage (3.3 Ã, V) instead of the 5 V used by DVI and HDMI. As a result, the dual-mode adapter should contain a level-shifter circuit that changes the voltage. The presence of this circuit puts a limit on how fast the adapter can operate, and therefore required a newer adapter for each higher speed that is added to the standard.

• Unidirectional - Although the dual-mode standard sets the method for DisplayPort sources to generate DVI/HDMI signals using a simple passive adapter, there is no standard counter to provide DisplayPort display the ability to receive receive DVI/HDMI input signal via passive adapter. As a result, DisplayPort can only receive original DisplayPort signals; any DVI or HDMI input signal must be converted to DisplayPort format with active conversion device. The DVI and HDMI sources can not be connected to DisplayPort displays using passive adapters.

• One-link DVI only - Because the DisplayPort double-mode operates by using the DisplayPort connector pin to send a DVI/HDMI signal, the DisplayPort 20-pin connector can only generate a signal single-link DVI (which uses 19 pins). The dual-link DVI signal uses 25 pins, and is therefore not possible to transmit natively from the DisplayPort connector via a passive adapter. Duplicate DVI signals can only be produced by converting from the original DisplayPort output signal to the active conversion device.

• Not available on USB-C - Specification DisplayPort Alternative Mode to send DisplayPort signals via USB-C cable excluding support for mode protocols double. As a result, the DP-to-DVI and DP-to-HDMI passive adapters do not work when chained from the USB-C adapter to the DP.

Transport Multi-Stream (MST)

Multi-Stream Transport is the first feature introduced in the Standard DisplayPort Ã, 1.2 which allows multiple independent views to be driven from a single DP port on the source device. Views can be connected using hubs, or by daisy-chaining, or a combination of both. Theoretically, up to 63 displays can be supported, but the combined data rate requirements of all displays should not exceed a single DP port limit (17.28 Gbit/s for DP Ã, 1.2 port, or 25.92 Ã, Gbit/s for DP 1.3/1.4 port). With the MST release, the standard single-display operation has been retroactively named "SST" mode (Single-Stream Transport).

Daisy-chaining is a feature that must be specifically supported by each intermediate display; not all DisplayPort devices 1.2 support it. Daisy-chaining requires a dedicated DisplayPort output port on the screen. The default DisplayPort port input found on most displays can not be used as daisy-chain output. Only the last display in daisy-chain does not need to support special features or have DP output port. DisplayPort Ã, 1.1 can also be connected to the MST hub, and can be part of the daisy chain DisplayPort if this is the last look in the chain.

The host system software also needs to support MST for hubs and daisy-chains to work. While the Microsoft Windows environment has full support for it, Apple's current operating system does not support MST or DisplayPort daisy-chaining hubs on macOS 10.13 ("High Sierra").

Adapters and DisplayPort-to-DVI and DisplayPort-to-HDMI cables will not work from daisy-chain output ports. They can, however, be used with DisplayPort MST hubs.

MST is supported by USB-C DisplayPort Alternate Mode, so the standard DisplayPort daisy-chain and MST hub work from USB-C source with USB-C adapter to DisplayPort.

High Dynamic Reach (HDR)

Support for HDR video is introduced in DisplayPort Ã, 1.4. It implements the CTA 861.3 standard for transporting static HDR metadata in EDID.

Content protection

DisplayPort Ã, 1.0 includes Optional DPCP (ContentPort Content Protection) from Philips, which uses 128-bit AES encryption. It also has complete authentication and session key establishment. Each encryption session is independent, and has an independent repeal system. This standard section is licensed separately. It also adds the ability to verify proximity of receivers and transmitters, a technique intended to ensure users do not pass through the content protection system to send data to remote and unauthorized users.

DisplayPort Ã, 1.1 adds an optional implementation of the revised 1.3-bit 56-bit HDCP (Industrial High Definition Digital Content Protection) industry standard, which requires a separate license from Digital Content Protection LLC.

DisplayPort Ã, 1.3 adds support for HDCP Ã, 2.2, which is also used by HDMI Ã, 2.0.

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Cost

VESA, the creator of the DisplayPort standard, states that this standard is royalty free to apply. However, in March 2015, MPEG LA issued a press release stating that a royalty rate of $ 0.20 per unit applies to DisplayPort products manufactured or sold in countries covered by one or more patents in the MPEG LA licensing pool, which includes patents from Hitachi Maxell, Philips, Lattice Semiconductor, Rambus, and Sony. In response, VESA updated their DisplayPort FAQ page with the following statement:

MPEG LA makes a claim that the DisplayPort implementation requires licenses and royalty payments. It is important to note that this is only a CLAIM. Whether this relevant CLAIM will be decided in US courts.

Until October 2017 there still seems no royalty, according to VESA's official FAQ.

While standards may not require per-device royalty fees, VESA requires membership for access to those standards. The current minimum charge is $ 5,000.

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Advantages above DVI, VGA, and FPD -Link

In December 2010, several computer vendors and display makers including Intel, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung and LG announced that they would start removing FPD-Link, VGA, and DVI-I over the next few years, replacing it with DisplayPort and HDMI. One notable exception to the manufacturer's list is Nvidia, who has not announced any plans regarding the implementation of future inheritance interfaces.

DisplayPort has several advantages over VGA, DVI, and FPD-Link.

• Open standards are available to all VESA members with expandable standards to assist widespread adoption
• Fewer paths with standalone hours, reducing EMI with data randomization mode and spreading spectrum
• Based on the micro packet protocol
  • Allows easy expansion of the standard with some data types
  • Flexible allocation of available bandwidth between audio and video
  • Multiple streams of video over a single physical connection (version 1.2)
  • Remote transmission over alternative physical media such as optical fiber (version 1.1a)
• High resolution display and multiple views with one connection, via hub or daisy-chaining
  • HBR2 mode with 17.28 Gbit/s of effective video bandwidth enables four simultaneous Display 1080p60 ( timing CEA-861), two 2560 ÃÆ'â € "1600 ÃÆ'â €" 30 bits @ 120 Ã, Hz (timing CVT-R), or 4K UHD @ 60 Hz
  • HBR3 mode with 25.92 Gbit/s of effective video bandwidth, using CVT-R2 timings, allows eight 1080p screens simultaneously (1920 × 1080) @ 60 Hz, stereoscopic 4K UHD (3840 ÃÆ'â € "2160) @ 120 Ã, Hz, or 5120 ÃÆ'â €" 2880 @ 60 Ã, Hz each uses 24 bit RGB, and up to 8K UHD (7680 ÃÆ'â € "4320) @ 60 Ã, Hz using 4: 2: 0 subsampling
• Designed to work for internal chip-to-chip communications
  • Intended to replace FPD-Link internal links to display panels with integrated link interfaces
  • Compatible with low voltage signaling used with sub-micron CMOS fabrication
  • Can push display panels directly, eliminates scale and control circuits and allows for cheaper and slimmer displays
• Link training with adjusted amplitude and preemphasis adjusts to different cable lengths and signal quality
  • Reduced transmission bandwidth for 15-meter (49 ft) cables, at least 1920 × 1080p @ 60 Ã, Hz at 24 bits per pixel
  • Full bandwidth transmission for 3 meters (9.8 ft)
• High-speed helpline for DDC, EDID, MCCS, DPMS, HDCP, adapter identification etc. traffic
  • Can be used to transmit two-way USB, touch panel data, CEC, etc.
• Self-latching connector

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Comparison with HDMI

Although DisplayPort has many of the same functions as HDMI, it is a complementary connection used in various scenarios. The dual-mode DisplayPort port can emit an HDMI signal through a passive adapter.

HDMI charges an annual fee of US $ 10,000 for each high-volume manufacturer and a per-unit royalty rate of US $ 0.04 to US $ 0.15. HDMI Licensing counters a "royalty-free" claim by pointing out that the DisplayPort specification states that the company may charge a royalty rate for the implementation of DisplayPort. DisplayPort 1.2 has more bandwidth at 21.6 Ã, Gbit/s (17.28 Gbit/s with overhead removed) compared to HDMI 2.0 18 Gbit/s (14.4 Gbit/s with overhead removed). DisplayPort 1.3 increases up to 32.4 Ã, Gbit/s (25.92 Gbit/s with overhead removed), and HDMI 2.1 increases up to 48 Gbit/s (42.67 Gbit/s with overhead removed), adding additional TMDS links instead of clock path. DisplayPort also has the ability to share this bandwidth with multiple streams of audio and video to separate devices.

DisplayPort in native mode does not have some HDMI features like Consumer Electronics Control (CEC) commands. The CEC bus allows connecting multiple sources with one screen and controlling one of these devices from any distance. DisplayPort 1.3 adds the possibility of transmitting CEC commands through an AUX channel

DisplayPort Multi-Stream Transport also allows connecting two or three devices simultaneously by pushing multiple monitors simultaneously from one output port. This feature can be used to have multiple monitor screens from one computer.

HDMI uses the unique Block Vendor Special structure, which allows features such as the addition of color space. However, this feature can be determined by the CEA EDA extension.

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Market share

The figures from IDC show that 5.1% of commercial desktop and 2.1% of commercial notebooks released in 2009 show DisplayPort. However, they estimate that the figure for commercial desktops will grow to 89.5%, and for commercial notebooks up to 95% by 2014. The main factor behind this is the phase-out of the VGA, and that both Intel and AMD will also stop building product. with FPD-Link in 2013. Nearly 70% of LCD monitors sold in August 2014 in the US, UK, Germany, Japan and China are equipped with HDMI/DisplayPort technology, up 7.5% on the year, according to Digitimes Research.

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Companion default

Mini DisplayPort

Mini DisplayPort (mDP) is the standard announced by Apple in the fourth quarter of 2008. Shortly after announcing the Mini DisplayPort, Apple announced that it will license the connector technology at no cost. The following year, in early 2009, VESA announced that the Mini DisplayPort will be included in the upcoming DisplayPort 1.2 specification. On February 24, 2011, Apple and Intel announced Thunderbolt, Mini DisplayPort's successor that added support for PCI Express data connections while maintaining backward compatibility with Mini DisplayPort-based peripherals.

Micro DisplayPort

Micro DisplayPort will target systems that require ultra-compact connectors, such as phones, tablets and ultra-portable notebook computers. This new standard is physically smaller than the currently available Mini DisplayPort connector. This standard is expected to be released in Q2 2014. This project appears to be canceled to be replaced by Alt DisplayPort Mode for USB Type-C Standard.

DDM

The Direct Drive Monitor (DDM) 1.0 standard has been approved in December 2008. It enables an uncontrolled monitor in which the display panel is directly driven by DisplayPort signals, although the available color resolution and depth are limited to two-lane operation.

View Stream Compression

Display Stream Compression (DSC) is a low latency compression algorithm developed by VESA to overcome the limitations posed by sending high resolution video through physical media with limited bandwidth. It is a lossless low-latency visual algorithm based on delta PCM coding and color space YCoCg-R; this allows increased resolution and color depth and reduces power consumption.

DSC has been tested to meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 29170-2 Evaluation procedure for almost no loss encoding using various testing patterns, noise, subtitle (ClearType) text, UI capture, and image and video images.

DSC version 1.0 was released on March 10, 2014, but was immediately stopped by DSC version 1.1 released on August 1, 2014. DSC standards support up to 3: 1 compression ratio with constant or variable bit rate, 4: 4: 4 chroma subsampling, optional 4: 2: 2 conversions and 6/8/10/12 bits per color component.

DSC version 1.2 was released on January 27, 2016 and is included with DisplayPort 1.4; version 1.2a was released on January 18, 2017. The updates include the original coding of 4: 2: 2 and 4: 2: 0 formats in pixel containers, 14/16 bits per color, and slight modifications to the encoding algorithm.

DSC compression works on horizontal lines of pixels encoded by groups of three consecutive pixels for 4: 4: 4 and 4: 2: 2 simple, or six pixels (three compressed) native formats for native 4: 2: 2 and 4 : 2: 0 format. If RGB encoding is used, it is first converted to YCgCo reversibel. Simple conversions of 4: 2: 2 to 4: 4: 4 can add missing chroma samples by interpolating neighboring pixels. Each luma component is encoded separately using three independent substreams (four sub-streams in native mode 4: 2: 2). The prediction step is performed using one of three modes: a median adaptive coding (MMAP) modification algorithm similar to that used by JPEG-LS, block prediction (optional for decoders due to high computational complexity, negotiated on DSC handshakes), and midpoint predictions. The bit rate control algorithm tracks the color plane and the fullness of the buffer to adjust the quantization bit depth to pixel groups by minimizing compression artifacts while within the bitrate limit. Repeating the latest pixels can be stored in a 32-Indexed Color History (ICH) entry buffer, which can be referenced directly by each group in a slice; This improves the compression quality of computer-generated images. Alternatively, the predictive residue is computed and encoded by an entropy coding algorithm based on the variable-length delta size of the coding variable (DSU-VLC). The encoded pixel group is then combined into various slices of height and width; Common combinations include a 100% or 25% image width, and a high of 8-, 32-, or 108-lines.

On January 4, 2017, HDMI 2.1 was announced which supports up to 10K resolution and uses DSC 1.2 for video higher than 8K resolution with 4: 2: 0 chroma subampaign.

eDP

Standard Embedded DisplayPort (eDP) 1.0 was adopted in December 2008. It aims to establish a standard display interface interface for internal connections; for example, a graphics card to the notebook display panel. It has advanced power-saving features including unlimited refresh rate transfer. Version 1.1 was approved in October 2009 followed by version 1.1a in November 2009. Version 1.2 was approved in May 2010 and included DisplayPort 1.2 data rates, 120 Hz consecutive color monitors, and a new screen control panel protocol works through the AUX channel. Version 1.3 was published in February 2011; this includes a new Self-Refresh (PSR) feature developed to conserve system power and extend battery life in portable PC systems. PSR mode allows the GPU to enter power saving states between framework updates by including the framebuffer memory in the display panel controller. Version 1.4 was released in February 2013; it reduces power consumption with partial-frame updates in PSR mode, backlight control area, lower interface voltage, and additional link level; additional channels support multi-touch panel data to accommodate various form factors. Version 1.4a was published in February 2015; it is based on DisplayPort 1.3 and supports HBR3 data rates, Display Stream Compression 1.1, Display Panel Segmented, and partial updates for Self-Refresh Panels. Version 1.4b was published in October 2015; protocol improvements and clarifications are intended to enable the adoption of eDP 1.4 in production by mid-2016.

iDP

Internal DisplayPort (iDP) 1.0 was approved in April 2010. The iDP standard defines the internal relationship between digital TV systems on chip controllers and display panel time controllers. It aims to replace the FPD-Link internal path currently used with DisplayPort connections. iDP has a unique physical interface and protocol, which is not directly compatible with DisplayPort and does not apply to external connections, but they allow very high resolution and refresh rate while providing simplicity and extended. The non-variable iDP feature 2.7 Ã, GHz clock and is nominally rated at 3.24 Gbit/s data rate per lane, with up to sixteen lanes in bank , resulting in a sixfold reduction in wiring requirements via FPD-Link for signal 1080p24; other data rates are also possible. iDP is built with simplicity in mind and has no AUX channel, content protection, or multiple streams; However it has sequential frames and 3D interleaved stereo lines.

PDMI

Portable Digital Media Interface (PDMI) is an interconnection between docking stations/display devices and portable media players, which includes a 2-line DisplayPort v1.1a connection. It was ratified in February 2010 as ANSI/CEA-2017-A.

wDP

Wireless DisplayPort ( wDP ) allows bandwidth and feature set DisplayPort 1.2 for cable-free applications that operate in 60 GHz radio bands; announced in November 2010 by WiGig Alliance and VESA as a collaborative effort.

SlimPort

SlimPort , the product brand Analogix, in accordance with Mobility DisplayPort , also known as MyDP , which is the industry standard for Mobile audio/video interface, provides connectivity from a mobile device to an external display and HDTV. SlimPort implements video transmissions up to 4K-UltraHD and up to eight audio channels via a micro-USB connector to an external converter accessory or display device. The SlimPort product supports seamless connectivity to DisplayPort, HDMI, and VGA. The MyDP standard was released in June 2012, and the first product using SlimPort is Google's Nexus 4 smartphone.

SlimPort is an alternative to Mobile High-Definition Link (MHL).

DisplayID

DisplayID is designed to replace the E-EDID standard. DisplayID displays a variable length structure that includes all existing EDID extensions as well as new extensions for 3D views and embedded views.

The latest version 1.3 (announced on 23 September 2013) adds enhanced support for tiled display topologies; allows better identification of multiple video streams, and reports on the size and location of the bezel. As of December 2013, many current 4K views use tiled topologies, but do not have a standard way of reporting to the video source where the remaining tiles are and which ones are correct. It displays the initial 4K, for manufacturing reasons, typically using two 1920 Ã-2160 laminated joint panels and is currently generally treated as a multi-monitor setting. DisplayID 1.3 also allows the discovery of 8K screens, and has applications in 3D stereo, where multiple video streams are used.

DockPort

DockPort , formerly known as Lightning Bolt , is an extension for DisplayPort to include USB 3.0 data as well as power to charge portable devices from the attached external display. Originally developed by AMD and Texas Instruments, it has been announced as a VESA specification in 2014.

USB-C

On September 22, 2014, VESA publishes Alternative DisplayPort Modes on the USB Type-C Connector Standards , specifications on how to send DisplayPort signals via the newly released USB-C connector. One, two or all four differential pairs that use USB for the SuperSpeed ​​bus can be dynamically configured to be used for the DisplayPort path. In the first two cases, the connector can still carry a full SuperSpeed ​​signal; in the latter case, at least a non-SuperSpeed ​​signal â € <â €

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Products

Since its introduction in 2006, DisplayPort has gained popularity in the computer industry and is featured on many graphics cards, displays, and notebook computers. Dell was the first company to introduce consumer products with DisplayPort connector, Dell UltraSharp 3008WFP, released in January 2008. Shortly after, AMD and Nvidia released products to support the technology. AMD includes support in the Radeon HD 3000 series of graphics cards, while Nvidia first introduced support for the GeForce 9 series that started with the GeForce 9600 GT.

Later in the same year, Apple introduced several products featuring Mini DisplayPort. The new connector - ownership at the time - eventually became part of the DisplayPort standard, but Apple reserves the right to cancel the license if the licensee "initiates actions for patent infringement against Apple". In 2009, AMD followed suit with their Radeon HD 5000 Series graphics card, featuring Mini DisplayPort on the Eyefinity version of this series.

Nvidia launched NVS 810 with 8 Mini DisplayPort outputs on a single card on November 4, 2015.

Nvidia revealed the GeForce GTX 1080, the world's first graphics card with DisplayPort 1.4 support on May 6, 2016. AMD follows the Radeon RX 480 to support Displayport 1.3/1.4 on June 29, 2016. The Radeon RX 400 Series will support DisplayPort 1.3 HBR and HDR10, dropping connectors DVI in reference board design.

In February 2017, VESA and Qualcomm announced that the DisplayPort Alt Mode video transport will be integrated into the Snapdragon 835 mobile chipset, which supports smartphones, head-mounted VR/AR monitors, IP cameras, tablets and mobile PCs.

Support for Alternate Mode DisplayPort

The following devices have a Type-C USB port applying the DisplayPort Alternative Mode to the USB Type-C Connector Standard specification , and capable of delivering video output to DisplayPort, HDMI and VGA. The SlimPort product is also compatible with DisplayPort Alternative Modes via USB Type-C.

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Participating companies

The following companies have participated in preparing the DisplayPort standard draft, eDP, iDP, DDM or DSC :

The following companies have also announced their intention to implement DisplayPort, eDP or iDP :

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See also

• HDBaseT
• HDMI
• List of video connectors
• Thunderbolt (interface)

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Note

References

External links

• Resource comparison table EN-FR video connector
• DisplayPort - official site operated by VESA
• Bridging the new DisplayPort standard
• Introducing the Self Refresh Panel Technology
• SlimPort Consumer Website
• SlimPort Enabled Device

Source of the article : Wikipedia