The I-35W River Mississippi bridge (officially known as Bridge 9340 ) is an eight-lane, steel bridgehead bridge that carries the Interstate 35W across Saint Anthony Falls from the Mississippi River at Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. During the rush hour of the night on August 1, 2007, it suddenly collapsed, killing 13 people and wounding 145. The bridge was the busiest third in Minnesota, carrying 140,000 vehicles daily. The NTSB mentions design flaws as a possible cause of collapse, noting that too thin thin plates tear along the rivet lines, and assert that additional weights on bridges at the time of collapse contribute to catastrophic failure.
Immediately after the collapse, help came from helping each other in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area of ​​seven areas and emergency response personnel, charities, and volunteers. Within days of the collapse, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) planned a replacement bridge, I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge. Construction completed quickly, and opened on September 18, 2008.
Video I-35W Mississippi River bridge
Location and site history
The bridge is located in Minneapolis, Minnesota's largest city and connects the neighborhoods of Downtown East and Marcy-Holmes. The southern buffer is northeast of Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and north borders northwest of the University of Minnesota East Bank campus. The bridge is the southeastern boundary of the "Mississippi Mile" riverside park. Downstream is the 10th Avenue Bridge, formerly known as the Cedar Avenue Bridge. Soon upstream is the key and the dam at Saint Anthony Falls, where Minneapolis started. The first bridge upstream is the historic Stone Arch Bridge, built for the Great Northern Railway and now used for bicycle and pedestrian traffic.
The bridge's northern foundation dock is near a hydroelectric plant that was demolished in 1988. Southern restrictions are in areas contaminated by coal-fired processing plants and facilities for storing and processing of oil products. This use effectively creates toxic waste sites under bridges, leading to contamination of land and removal of contaminated land. There is no claimed relationship between the previous use and the failure of the bridge.
Maps I-35W Mississippi River bridge
Design and construction
The bridge, officially designated as "Bridge 9340", was designed by Sverdrup & amp; Parcel to 1961 AASHO (Association of American State Highway Officials, now American Association of State Highway and Transport Officers) standard specifications. The construction contract, worth a total of over US $ 5.2 million at the time, was initially offered to HurCon Inc. and Industrial Construction Company. HurCon expressed concern about the project, reported that a section of the bridge, Pier 6, could not be built as planned. After the discussion failed with MnDOT, HurCon withdrew from the project altogether.
Construction on the bridge began in 1964 and the structure was completed and opened for traffic in 1967 during the era of large-scale projects associated with the construction of the Twin Cities freeway system. When the bridge fell, it was still the most recent river crossing built on a new site in Minneapolis. After the building boom receded during the 1970s, infrastructure management shifted towards inspection and maintenance.
The fourteen bridges extend along 1,907 feet (580 m). The three main spans are the construction of the deck truss while all but two of the eleven ranges approach the construction of multi-girder steel, two exceptions being concrete slab construction. The dock is not built in the navigation channel; instead, the middle span of the bridge consists of a steel truss curved 458 feet (140 m) above a 390-foot channel (119 m). Two poles for the main reels, each with two loaded concrete piles on either side of the central central range, are located on the opposite bank of the river. The center range connected to the north and south is approached by a shorter range formed by the same main winding. Each is 266 feet (81 m) in length, and is connected to the approximate range by a 38-foot cantilever (11.6 m). The two main rolls, one on either side, range from 60 feet (18.3 m) deep above the dock and support the concrete pile, up to 36 feet (11 m) in the center on the middle span and 30 foot deep (9 m) at the outer edge of the adjacent landscape. At the top of the main roll is a deck deck, 12 feet (3.6 m) deep and integral with the main winding. The transverse deck beam, part of the truss deck, rests on top of the main reel. These decks support long deck deck 27 inches (69 cm) deep, and reinforced concrete pavement. The deck was 113Ã, ft 4 in (34.5 m) in width and divided longitudinally. It has a transverse expanse joint at the center and the tip of each of the three main ranges. The street deck is approximately 115 feet (35 m) above the water level.
Black ice prevention system
On December 19, 1985, the temperature reached -30Ã, Â ° F (-34Ã, Â ° C). Vehicles crossing the bridge were black ice and there was a huge pile on the bridge on the north side. In February and December 1996, the bridge was identified as the most dangerous coldest place on the Twin Cities freeway system, due to the almost frictionless thin, thin ice layer that is formed regularly when the temperature falls below freezing. The proximity of the bridge to Saint Anthony Falls contributes significantly to the ice sheet problem and the site is notable for frequent spinning and crashing.
In January 1999, Minnesota DOT began testing magnesium chloride solutions and a mixture of magnesium chloride and maize processing byproducts to see if it would reduce the black ice that appeared on the bridge during the winter. In October 1999, the state installed temperature-activated nozzles on the bridge deck to spray bridges with potassium acetate solution to keep the area free of winter black ice. The system began operations in 2000.
Although no large multi-vehicle collisions after the automatic de-icing system is installed, it has been raised as a possibility that potassium acetate may have contributed to the collapse of the bridge by damaging structural support.
Treatment and examination
Since 1993, this bridge is checked annually by Mn/DOT, although no inspection reports were completed in 2007, due to construction works. In the years before the collapse, several reports cited problems with the bridge structure. In 1990, the federal government granted the I-35W bridge a "structural deficiency rating," citing significant corrosion in relation. About 75,000 other US bridges have this classification in 2007.
According to a 2001 study by the University of Minnesota's civil engineering department, previous cracking has been found in the cross beam at the end of the approach range. The main bars connected to these crosslinks and resistance to movement at the connection point pads cause unexpected out-of-plane distortion of the cross beam and subsequent stress fractures. This situation was resolved before the research by drilling a gap to prevent further propagation and adding strut support to the girder bar to prevent further distortion. The report also noted concerns about the lack of redundancy in the main truss system, which means the bridge has a greater risk of collapse in the event of a single structural failure. Although the report concludes that bridges should have no problems with future fatigue cracks, routine inspections, structural health monitoring, and the use of strain gauges have been suggested.
In 2005, the bridge was again assessed as "structurally deficient" and may need replacement, according to the US National Transport Bridge's Inventory Database database. Problems are recorded in the next two inspection reports. The examination conducted June 15, 2006 found the problem of cracking and fatigue. On August 2, 2007, Governor Tim Pawlenty stated that the bridge was scheduled to be replaced by 2020.
The I-35W bridge is near the bottom of the national federal inspection rankings. The bridge inspector uses sufficiency ratings ranging from the highest score, 100, to the lowest score, zero. In 2005, they ranked bridges at 50, indicating that the replacement may be in order. Of the more than 100,000 widely used bridges, only about 4% score under 50. On separate sizes, the I-35W bridge is considered "structurally inadequate", but is considered to have met the "minimum tolerable limit to be left at its place because of me s. "
In December 2006, a steel reinforcement project was planned for the bridge. However, the project was canceled in January 2007 in favor of periodic safety inspections, after engineers realized that drilling for retrofit would, in fact, weaken the bridge. In Mn/DOT internal documents, bridge officers talked about the possibility of collapsing bridges, and worried they might have to condemn it.
Construction that took place in the weeks before the collapse included joint work and replace lighting, concrete fences and guards. At the time of the collapse, four of the eight lanes were closed for resurfacing, and there were 575,000 pounds (261 tonnes) of construction equipment and equipment on the bridge.
Collapse
At 6:05 pm CDT on Wednesday, August 1, 2007, with heavy-traffic bridge moving slowly through a limited number of lanes, the middle span of the bridge suddenly changes, followed by adjacent landscapes. The structure and deck collapsed into the river and to the riverbank below, the southern part rolled 81 feet (25 m) eastward in the process. A total of 111 vehicles were involved, sending passengers and 18 construction workers as far as 35 feet (35 m) to the river or to its banks. The northern part fell to the railway station, landing on three unoccupied and stationary cargo trucks.
Sequential images of the collapse are taken by outdoor security cameras located at the control facility's parking entrance to Lower Saint Anthony Falls Lock and Dam. Immediately after the collapse was also captured by a Mn/DOT traffic camera facing away from the bridge during the collapse itself. The federal government soon launched a National Transportation Safety Inquiry (NTSB). NTSB chairman Mark Rosenker, along with a number of researchers, arrived on the scene 9 hours after the collapse. Rosenker remained in Minneapolis for nearly a week, serving as the government's designated main interface with federal, state and local officials and providing an explanation to the press regarding the status of the inquiry.
Mayor R. T. Rybak and Governor Tim Pawlenty declared a state of emergency for the city of Minneapolis and for the State of Minnesota on August 2, 2007. The Rybak Declaration was approved and extended indefinitely by the Minneapolis City Council the next day. On the morning after the collapse, according to White House Press Secretary Tony Snow, Minnesota did not ask for a federal disaster declaration. President Bush pledged support during a August 4 site visit with Minnesota-elected officials and announced that US Transportation Secretary (USDOT) Mary Peters would lead the rebuilding effort. Rybak and Pawlenty gave the president a detailed request for assistance during a closed meeting. The local authorities are assisted by a team of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) evidence, and by US Navy divers who started arriving on August 5, 2007.
Victim
Thirteen people were killed. The triage centers at the end of the bridge took 50 victims to the local hospitals, some inside the truck, because the ambulance was in limited supply. Many injured have blunt trauma injuries. People near the southern tip were taken to Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) - near the north end, to Fairview University Medical Center and other hospitals. At least 22 children were injured. Thirteen children were treated at Children's Hospital and Clinic of Minnesota, five in HCMC and four or five at North Memorial Medical Center in Robbinsdale, Minnesota. During the first 40 hours, 11 local hospitals treated 98 victims.
Only a few vehicles were submerged, but many people were stranded on the collapsed bridge. Several vehicles involved were on fire, including a semi-trailer truck, from which the driver's body was later discovered. When the firefighters arrive, they must direct the hose from a few blocks away.
A school bus carrying 63 children ended up resting precariously against the crumbling guardrail of the structure, near the burning semi-trailer truck. The boys returned from field trips to the water park as part of the Waite Home Neighborhood Campsite headquartered outside the Phillips community. Jeremy Hernandez, a 20-year-old staff member on the bus, helps many children by kicking out the rear exit doors and escorting or taking them to safety. A young worker was seriously injured.
Around 1,400 people gathered for interfaith healing services held at St. Episkopal Cathedral. Mark on August 5, 2007, when many victims are still missing. Among the presenters are representatives of Christian communities, Islam, Jews, Hindus, Native Americans and Hispanics, police, fire and emergency services, governors, mayors, choirs and some musicians. Minnesotans held a minute of silence during the National Night Out, on August 7, 2007, at 6:05 pm. On August 8, 2007, Chapter Twins City of the American Red Cross flagged the United States, the state of Minnesota and the American Red Cross to commemorate the victims of the tragedy. Gold Medal Park near the Guthrie Theater is a gathering place for those who want to leave flowers or memories for those who died. In a speech to the city council on August 15, 2007, Rybak remembers every victim and "the details of their lives."
The families of the deceased, the survivors, and the first responders directly affected by the collapse of the bridge - together estimated at least several hundred people - have no US disaster insurance for individuals. Sandy Vargas, president and CEO of the Minneapolis Foundation, one of the seven foundations that formed Minnesota Helps, believes the Minnesota Helps Bridge Disaster Fund can not cover uninsured medical costs for victims of collapsed bridges. The funds may be able to make small grants as recognition cues.
Pawlenty and his office, during the last week of November, announced a "$ 1 million" plan for the victims. State laws have limits that can limit the rewards to below that amount. No legislative action is required for this step. "The government wants approval from the Joint-Senate Joint Subcommittee on Claims as a sign of bipartisan support" - it receives. On May 2, 2008, the state of Minnesota reached a $ 38 million deal to compensate the victims of the bridge collapse.
Rescue
Civilians soon took part in the rescue effort. Minneapolis and Hennepin County receive mutual assistance from neighboring towns and districts throughout the metropolitan area. The Minneapolis Fire Department (MFD) arrived within six minutes and responded quickly, helping the people trapped in their vehicles. They took 81 minutes to do triage and transported 145 patients with the help of the Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), the Northern Memorial and Allina paramedics. The next morning, they have shifted their focus to the recovery of the corpse, with several vehicles known to be trapped under the rubble and some people still have not been found. Twenty divers organized by the Hennepin County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) use side-by-side scanners to find vehicles drowned in murky water. Their efforts are hampered by debris and challenging currents. The United States Army Engineer Corps (USACE) lowered the river level by two feet (60 cm) downstream of Ford Dam to allow easier access to vehicles in the water. Carl Bolander & amp; The children, the excavation and dismantling company of Saint Paul, carry several cranes and other heavy equipment to help clear debris for rescue workers.
The Minneapolis Fire Department (MFD) created a command center for the National Incident Management System in the parking lot of the American Red Cross and an adjacent printing company on the west bank. The Minneapolis Police Department (MPD) secures the area, the MFD manages the ground operations, and the HCSO is responsible for water operations. The city provides 75 firefighters and 75 law enforcement units.
Rescue of the victim who washed up on the bridge was completed in three hours. "We have a state bridge, in a county river, between two city banks.... But we have no problem with this problem, because we know who is responsible for the assets," Rocco said. Forte, City Emergency Preparedness Director. Municipalities, metropolitan areas, districts and state employees at all levels know their roles and have practiced them since the city received FEMA's emergency management training years after 9/11. Their quick response time is also credited to Minnesota and the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) investment in 800 MHz cellular radio communications operating in Minneapolis and three of the districts that responded, the city of Minneapolis collapsed-rescue structures and diving teams, and the Emergency Operations Center founded at 6:20 pm in Minneapolis City Hall.
Recovery
Victim recovery takes more than three weeks. At the request of NTSB Chairman Mark Rosenker, the US Navy dispatched 17 divers and five command-and-control elements from Cell Phone Diving and Rescue Unit Two. Divers and Underwater Search Evidence Team Evidence from the FBI joined the response effort on August 7, carrying "truck-loaded" special equipment including the FBI provided side-scan sonar and two submarines.
The Navy team started looking in the river at 2 am. The FBI team had planned to search with an unmanned submarine, but had to abandon this plan after they found it was too big to maneuver in the ruins and turbid water. Minneapolis Police Captain Mike Martin stated that, "General safety dives are trained to the extent that they can choose low-hanging fruits, they can do easy things." The corpses in the area where they can sweeps Towards a beach, a vehicle they can enter and search for that is not destroyed.They are able to eliminate some of them.Now we see are vehicles under deck bridges and structural pieces. "
Seventy-five local, state and federal agencies are involved in rescue and recovery including emergency and volunteer personnel from the Anoka district; Carvers; Dakota; Hennepin; Olmsted; Ramsey; Scott; Washington; Winona and Wright in Minnesota; and St. Croix County, Wisconsin, St. Croix EMS & amp; Rescue Dive Team, and others get ready. The federal assistance comes from the US Department of Defense, DHS, USACE and the Coast Guard of the United States. Divers of Minot Adventure, North Dakota, is a private company that helps the local government.
Local businesses donated wireless Internet, ice, drinks and food to first responders. Team officers were sent to the hospital to follow up on the wounded, who had been transported to eight different medical facilities.
Police Director Paul Chaplain Corps Chaplain, Dr. Jeffrey Stewart, arrived and was asked to arrange and manage the Family Aid Center for the victims' families. He coordinates location locations and staffing arrangements with the support of the relevant Department of Health and Family of the City and Hennepin Regency offices. When Chaplain Supervisor John LeMay and Lead Chaplain Linda Koelman arrived on the scene, they helped set up FAC at Holiday Inn at 8 pm. In addition, the Minneapolis Police Priest arrived, they began providing services to the families of the victims, assisting them in finding family members, and providing a quiet presence. On August 20th, the last victim was found from the river.
The Salvation Army cafeteria serves food and water to save workers.
The Mayo Clinic transport helicopter is standing at the Flying Cloud Airport. The Minnesota National Guard launched the MEDEVAC helicopter and has up to 10,000 guard members ready to help.
On August 8, 2007, over 500 volunteers and Red Cross staff advised 2,000 people with sadness, trauma, missing persons, and medical problems, and served 7,000 meals for first responders.
After the initial rescue, Mn/DOT held Carl Bolander & amp; Children, land clearing contractors and demolition from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to remove the collapsed bridges and destroy the remaining spans that do not fall. Divers leave the water for a minute on August 18, while the company crew using a crane, excavation drills, and cutting torch to remove parts of the bridge deck, beams and girders, hoping to improve access for divers. After the bodies of the remaining people were removed from the ruins on August 21, the company crew began to unload the remains of the bridge. The first crew unleashed a vehicle stranded on the bridge. On August 18, 80 of the 88 cars and trucks that were stranded had been transferred to the MPD confiscated many places the owners could claim their vehicles. Then the workers shifted to move the deck of the bridge using cranes and excavators equipped with hoe rams to break the concrete. The structural steel is then disassembled by a crane, and a concrete pole is removed by the excavator. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) requesting the demolition crew to be careful in getting rid of the remnants of the bridge to keep as many bridge material for later analysis. In late October 2007, the demolition operation is substantially completed, allowing the construction began in the I-35W bridge that on the 1st of November 2007. Most of the debris bridge is temporarily stored in the nearby Bohemian House as part of an ongoing investigation. collapse; it was moved to a storage facility in Afton, Minnesota, in the fall of 2010. Federal officials plan to bring some of the steel bridge and concrete to the NTSB Materials Laboratory in Washington, DC, to determine the cause of the collapse of the analysis to the FHWA name, Mn/DOT and the Progressive Construction , Inc. NTSB also interviewed eyewitnesses.
Peters announced that USDOT has given Minnesota US $ 5 million a day after the collapse. On August 10, Peters announced an additional US $ 5 million "for Minneapolis", or "country", "to replace Minneapolis for increased transit operations to serve commuters amid last week's bridge collapse". US Congress revokes a $ 100 million per-incident hat for emergency use. The US House of Representatives and the United States Senate each voted unanimously for US $ 250 million in emergency funding for Minnesota that President Bush signed the law on August 6. On August 10, 2007, Peters announced 50 million US dollars in the form of immediate emergency relief. The Associated Press states that US $ 50 million is a down payment of US $ 250 million which has not been approved by the allocation committee. Minnesota can use immediate assistance for "cleaning and recovery work, including cleaning debris and rearranging traffic, and for design work on new bridges." "On behalf of Minnesota, we are grateful for all this help," Pawlenty said.
Investigation
The National Transportation Safety Council immediately commenced a comprehensive investigation that is expected to take up to eighteen months. Immediately after the collapse, Governor Pawlenty and Mn/DOT announced that the engineering firm Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. which is headquartered in Illinois has also been selected to provide an important analysis that will parallel the investigation conducted by NTSB. One week after the collapse, workers have just started removing debris and vehicles to continue the recovery process. Cameras and motion detectors were added to sites around the bridge to ward off intruders who, officials said, blocked the investigation. Hennepin County Sheriff Richard W. Stanek stated, "We treat this as a crime scene at the moment, there is no indication of any cheating involved, [but] it is a crime scene until we can determine what causes its collapse."
An employee from NTSB has written his doctoral thesis on possible failure scenarios of this special bridge when he was a student at the nearby University of Minnesota. The thesis, including its computer model of the bridge for failure mode analysis, is used by NTSB to assist in its investigation. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) builds a computer model of the bridge at Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center in McLean, Virginia. NTSB researchers are very interested to learn why the southern end of the bridge shifts eastward because of collapse, but this particular phenomenon is unrelated to the main cause of destruction.
Officials with DHS said there was no indication that terrorism was involved. Although officials stressed that the cause of the collapse has not been determined, Peters warned countries to "remain aware of additional heavy construction projects on the bridge." Within days, bridge inspection was improved across the United States.
FHWA advised the state to examine 700 similar US bridge constructions after identifying possible design flaws associated with large steel sheets called gusset plates, which connect the girders in the skeletal structure. Officials raised the question of why such defects would not be found in more than 40 years of inspection. The flaw was first discovered by Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., an independent consulting firm hired by Mn/DOT to investigate the cause of the collapse.
On January 15, 2008, the NTSB announced it has determined that the design of the bridge establishes small and insufficient armored steel plates to support the intended bridge load, which increases load over time. This statement is based on a provisional report that calculates the demand-to-capacity ratio for gusset plates. NTSB recommends that similar bridge designs be reviewed for this issue.
Although the Council's investigation is still ongoing and there is no determination of the likely cause has been reached, while findings in the investigation have revealed security issues that warrant attention, "NTSB Chairman Mark Rosenker said. During the recovery of the debris, researchers found that plate knives at eight different connection locations in the main crack center range. The Council, with assistance from FHWA, undertook a thorough review of the design of the bridge, with an emphasis on the design of the rubber plate. This review found that the original bridge design process I-35W caused a serious error in determining the size of the gusset plate in the main frame.
On March 17, 2008, the NTSB announced updates on investigations relating to load capacity, design issues, computer analysis and modeling, digital image analysis and gusset-sized and rustic plate analysis. The investigation revealed that photographs from the June 2003 bridge inspection showed the plat-plat plate.
On November 13, 2008, NTSB released its investigation findings. The main cause of the collapse is a small gusset plate, 0.5 inches thick (13 mm). Contribute to the design or construction errors it is the fact that 2 inch (51 mm) concrete has been added to the road surface for years, increasing the static load by 20%. Another factor is the extraordinary weight of construction equipment and materials leaning on the bridge just above its weakest point at the moment of collapse. The burden is estimated at 578,000 pounds (262 tons), consisting of sand, water and vehicles. The NTSB specifies that corrosion is not a significant contributor, but the inspector does not routinely check that safety features work.
Impact on business, traffic, and transport financing
The collapse of the bridge affects rivers, trains, roads, bicycles and pedestrians, and air transit. Pool 1, created by Ford Dam, is closed for river navigation between mile markers 847 and 854.5. The railroad drives diverted by the Minnesota Commercial Railway were blocked by collapse. The Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway bike trail is disturbed as well as two streets, West River Parkway and 2nd Street SE. The 10th Avenue Bridge, which is parallel to this bridge about the downstream block, is closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic until 31 August. The Federal Aviation Administration limits the pilot within a 3-nautical-mile (5.6 km) radius of rescue and recovery..
Thirty-five people lost their jobs when Aggregate Industries of Leicestershire, England, a company that delivered construction materials with barges, cut production in the area.
Small businesses in metropolitan areas harmed by bridge collapse can take effect from August 27, 2007 for loans up to US $ 1.5 million, with interest of 4% to 30 years, from the US Small Business Administration. The agency's disaster declaration for Hennepin and its adjacent countries came two days after Pawlenty's request to the SBA on August 20, 2007. Open to businesses and not sure they can repay the loans, the owners are near collapse in some cases losing 25% or 50% of revenues them. Large retailers in the chain store mall lose almost the same. In early January 2008, at least one business was closed, one announced the closing, seven of the eight SBA applications have not been approved and traders continue to explain how they are not able to bear more debt.
Seventy percent of the traffic served by the bridge is in the city center. Mn/DOT publishes information, and makes real-time traffic information available to callers to 5-1-1. The alternate route specified in the area is the Trunk Highway 280, which is converted into a temporary access-controlled highway with all access points in a closed class. Other traffic is diverted to Interstate 694, 494, and 35E. The number of lanes increases on multiple highways by painting a traffic line to remove the broad shoulders, and by widening the various "choke points".
Additional Metro Transit buses are added from park-and-ride locations in the northern suburbs during rush hour. Vehicles abandoned at I-35W and 280 were towed immediately. On August 6, I-35W was opened for local traffic on access points on each side of the missing section; some on-ramps remain closed.
As a result, pressure is placed on state legislatures to increase state fuel taxes to provide sufficient maintenance funds for Mn/DOT. Ultimately, the tax increased by $ 0.055 per gallon through a veto overgrowth of Governor Pawlenty against the law.
Events and public media
The Minnesota Twins played their home game on schedule, against the Kansas City Royals at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in west I-35W, on the night of the crash. Public security officials told the team that delaying matches could hamper rescue and recovery efforts, as delays will send up to 25,000 people back into traffic just blocks from collapsed bridges. Before the game, a moment of silence was held for the victims of collapse. The Twins postponed their August 2 match and the groundbreaking ceremony for Target Field which is also located in downtown Minneapolis. The Twins and Minnesota Vikings honor the victims of the collapse by placing the I-35W simulated shield sticker with the date "8-1-07" on the backstop wall in Metrodome, which always looks behind the typical pitcher's point of view in a game broadcast on television. Stickers remain for the rest of the 2007 season.
The collapse appeals to national and international news organizations. On the eve of the collapse, CNN, MSNBC, and Fox News Channel stayed live with its coverage during the overnight hours, along with local stations WCCO-AM (830) and KSTP (1500), with most coverage in the opening hours coming via satellite from the City news operations WCCO-TV twins, KSTP-TV, KMSP-TV, KARE-TV and Minnesota Public Radio. The national TV network sent CBS anchor Katie Couric, Brian Williams and Matt Lauer of NBC, MSNBC's Contessa Brewer, Charles Gibson of ABC, CNN Soledad O'Brien and Anderson Cooper, and Greta Van Susteren of Fox News Channel and Shepard Smith broadcast from Twin Cities. US news organizations interested in national and local bridge safety record the number of requests for bridge information from Investigative Reporters and Editors, an organization that stores multiple federal information databases. The news media made more inquiries for National Bridge Inventory data within the first 24 hours after the Minneapolis bridge collapsed than for previous data in the last 20 years.
Disaster Declaration
Regional Board of Commissioners Hennepin voted on August 7, 2007 to request a petition of Governor Pawlenty President George W. Bush to declare the city of Minneapolis and Hennepin County as a major disaster area. About two weeks later, Pawlenty called for a major disaster on August 20. In a subsequent press release for a separate disaster declaration that month, he said, "Usually, an initial damage assessment is completed before a disaster emergency statement is requested." During a press conference and briefing with Bush at St.Paul Air Reserve Station/Minneapolis station for Wing Airlift 934 on Tuesday, August 21, Pawlenty estimated total emergency response costs of more than US $ 8 million including Hennepin County's $ 7.3 million for rescue and recovery and US $ 1.2 million for other state institutions. He estimates the cost of the fall of the country at US $ 400,000 to US $ 1 million per day.
That day, Bush provided an emergency rather than a massive catastrophic declaration for the state of Minnesota, allowing local and state agencies to recover the costs incurred 1 to 15 August from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA may provide payments as necessary for emergency protection measures (part of FEMA Category B) in no less than 75% of federal funds to Hennepin County, designated areas, up to an initial limit of US $ 5 million. Pawlenty plans to request that the date limit and monetary cap be revoked. FEMA assistance can compensate the state for life-saving, safety and public health protection, and reduce damage to enhanced property, but not to the needs of disaster-related survivors or to remove debris and restoration of bridges and rivers or many categories of needs others.
Alternate bridge
The collapsed I-35W Mississippi River bridge crossed the Mississippi River at the same location as the original bridge, and brought north-south traffic at I-35W. It is built on an accelerated schedule, since the function of the highway as an important link for carrying commuters and truck transport.
Mn/DOT announced on September 19, 2007, that Constructor Flatiron and Manson Construction Company will build a replacement bridge for $ 234 million. The Saint Anthony Falls I-35W Bridge opened to the public on September 18, 2008, at 5 am Using the innovative design-building design delivery method, the replacement bridge opened more than three months ahead of schedule, and was awarded the "Best Overall Design-Build Project Award" for 2009 from the Design-Build Institute of America.
Memorial Park
The 35W Bridge Remembrance Garden is a memorial to commemorate survivors and survivors of the I-35W bridge collapse. The warning is located on West River Parkway, in Minneapolis. The warning was disclosed to the public on August 1, 2011, the four-year anniversary of the collapse. Minnesota Governor Mark Dayton and Minneapolis Mayor R. T. Rybak were present, and both spoke ahead. The ceremony included reading the names of 13 victims, followed by a moment of silence that was held exactly at 6:05 pm, the time of the collapse four years earlier. After that, there is the release of 13 doves to commemorate the dead.
This $ 900,000 memorial is funded by the Minneapolis Foundation, and the parkland is provided by the Minneapolis Parks and Recreation Park. The design of the zikr park was created by Tom Oslund, along with the victims and the families of the victims.
The design is intended to incorporate symbolic natural elements, including:
- Stone, for stability and immortality
- The Arborvitae Tree, for strength and life for centuries
- Water, capable of purifying and regenerating
- Darkness and Light, transitions between tragedy and new life
The main features in the garden include 13 beam steel beams and frosted glass. Each column has an engraved name of a missing person, along with their story, some even written in their native language. The total length of 13 columns is' linear 81 feet (25 m), signaling the date of the collapse (08/01/07). Behind 13 columns is a wall of black granite water. On the wall, stainless steel words form a quote, "Our life is not only determined by what happens, but by how we act before him, not only by the life that leads us, but by what we bring to life. action and compassion create an eternal community of tragic events. "Along with the quote, the names of 171 survivors were etched into black stone. Other parts of the memorial include a path to the cliff, overlooking the Mississippi River and the new I-35W Bridge. At night, the columns, pathways and water walls are illuminated by LED lights.
Music respects
In May 2008, an orchestra created by Osmo VognskÃÆ'¤ titled "The Bridge" was aired by the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra, led by William Schrickel, the bass assistant of the Minnesota Orchestra. VÃÆ'¤nskÃÆ'¤ itself attended the world premiere.
In La Dispute's third studio album, Rooms of The House, some references were made for disaster, but the song "35" described the event.
2012 memorial
In 2012, installation artist Todd Boss prepared a warning for the collapse of the bridge in collaboration with Swedish artist Maja Spasova. The installation is paired with a 35 poetry cycle: "Fragments for 35W Bridge".
See also
- Upper Mississippi River crossing list
- List of bridge disasters
References
The work cited
Further reading
External links
- Collapse I-35W Highway Bridge Minneapolis, Minnesota, Official Report by National Transportation Safety Board
- Interstate 35W Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota Department of Transportation
- Scientific perspectives on collapse - from the Science Museum of Minnesota
- Minnesota Historical Society: 35W Bridge Resources
- US. Bridge Information - New AASHTO Bridge Information Web Site
- NTSB Docket Management System for Bridge Bridging Investigation Document
- News and radio coverage (airchecks) of the 35W bridge collapsed From radiotapes.com.
- OxBlue Construction Camera and reconstruction time-lapse recording
- 13 Seconds in August - Project by Star Tribune
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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