Foot whipping or bastinado is a physical punishment method that consists of hitting one's foot. Unlike most whips, this punishment is meant to be more painful than to cause actual injury to the victim. The blows are generally delivered with a light rod, rope fastened, or eyelashes.
The recipient must be barefoot. Open soles should be placed in an open position. Beatings are usually done with an object in a stick type or a switch. Stroke is usually aimed at the arch of the foot and repeated several times.
Bastinado is also referred to as foot (bottom) caning or sole caning , depending on the instrument used. Certain Middle Eastern methods are called falaka or falanga , derived from the Greek term phalanx . The German term is the Bastonade , derived from the Italian noun bastonata ( stroke with stick use ). In the past it was also referred to as Sohlenstreich (corr. hit the soles ). The Chinese term is da jiao xin .
Video Foot whipping
Ikhtisar
The first bastinado documentation in Europe dates back to 1537, in China to 960. The references to bastinado have been hypothesized to be found in the Bible (Prov 22:15, Leviticus 19:20; Deuteronomy 22:18), suggesting practice from time immemorial.
Subformation of this flagellation differentiates from most other forms by limiting strokes to very narrow body parts. Beatings are usually aimed at the foot of the dome where the sole of the foot is very sensitive to pain, at this time usually avoiding hitting the ball and heel directly but concentrating on the small area in between.
Since the skin texture beneath the sole of the foot can naturally withstand high levels of tension, injuries requiring medical attention, such as scratch or bruises, are rarely inflicted if certain precautions are observed by the implementer. Therefore, the bottom of the foot becomes a common target for corporal punishment in many cultures while basically there are different methods.
Foot whipping is usually done in prisons and similar institutions. In addition to causing strong physical suffering, trade also deepens the importance of bare feet as a disrespectful socio-cultural attribute. Therefore, it is regarded as a form of humiliation which is very embarrassing and also degrading.
Because wearing shoes is an integral element of people's performances since time immemorial, the visual exposure of bare feet is a traditional and sometimes even ritualistic practice to showcase the conquest or surrender of a person under the manifestations of superior power. It is often used as a visual indicator of standing in the social structure and for displaying imbalances in power. It is therefore routinely imposed as visual identifiers and barriers to slaves and prisoners, often releasing rights and liberties in the same way. Utilizing its socio-cultural significance, people are forced to go barefoot as a sanction of formal shame and public humiliation as well. Keeping barefoot prisoners is a common practice in some countries today.
Therefore, foot-lashing poses different threats and is often feared by potential victims (usually prisoners). Utilizing the effects of this punishment is usually used to maintain discipline and compliance in prison.
Bastinado is commonly associated with Middle Eastern and Far Eastern countries, which are sometimes publicly executed, therefore closed by occasional reports and photographs. However, this practice is also often done in the Western World, especially in prisons, reformers, pesantren, and similar institutions.
In Europe, the bastinado is a form of corporal punishment often encountered mainly in German territory, where it is primarily committed to upholding discipline in prisons and reforms, culminating in the Third Reich era. In some institutions Germany and Austria were still practiced during the 1950s. Although bastinado was practiced in penitentiaries in the Western world until the late 20th century, it was hardly noticed because there was no reference to being decided at a high level. Instead it is done at a rather low level within agency boundaries, usually to punish prisoners during the period of detention. If not specifically authorized, the practice is usually forgiven, while it goes unnoticed by the public. Also whipping legs hardly appeals to the public in general because it seems unspectacular and relatively offensive compared to other methods of punishment. Since it is not openly executed in the western world, it is only witnessed by individuals directly involved. In former detainees it rarely communicates incidents because bastinado is widely regarded as degrading punishment (see public humiliation), while ex-combatants are usually required to maintain confidentiality.
Bastinado is still used as a prison sentence in several countries (see below). Because this causes a high level of suffering for the victim and physical evidence remains largely undetectable after some time, it is often used for interrogation and torture.
Maps Foot whipping
Appearance
Bastinado usually requires a number of collaborative efforts and authoritarian presence on the part of the executive to be enforced. Therefore, it usually appears in settings where physical punishment is officially approved to be given to groups of people who have been established. This could be a situation of imprisonment and detention and slavery. This moderated sublist is a characteristic in which the subjugated individual is forced to remain barefoot.
Regional
Foot whipping was a common practice as a means of disciplinary punishment in different types of institutions throughout Central Europe until the 1950s, especially in the German region.
In German prisons this method consistently acts as a major disciplinary punishment. Throughout the Nazi era it is often used in German penitentiaries and labor camps It also affects residents in the occupied territories, especially Denmark and Norway.
During the era of slavery in Brazil and South America it is often used at any time what is called a "clean beating" and not the more radical forms of fall demanded. This is the case when losing market value through injuries that are seen especially in women should be avoided. Like many so-called "slave-codes" including barefoot barriers, bastinados require minimal effort to be made. Because it is quite effective but usually does not leave visible or relevant cuts, bastinado is often used as an alternative for female slaves with higher market value.
The prisoner is barefoot and controlled in such a way that the foot can not be moved out of position. The goal is to prevent serious injuries to the forelimb by hitting, especially the broken toes. The energy from the impact of a stroke is usually intended to be absorbed by the muscle tissue inside the foot dome.
The Middle Eastern Method of falaka requires tying one's feet to a high position while lying on the back, beatings are generally done with stiff wooden clubs, clubs or clubs. The term falaka describes the wooden board used to bind the ankle, but different items are used for this purpose. The essentially different German method, practiced until the end of the Third Reich era, consists of tying bare prisoners on wooden benches or boards. With this the foot is forced into a pointed posture (plantar flexion) with the bottom bottom facing upwards. For this purpose, the upper and second body of the ankle are tied on the bench. The hands of prisoners are tied behind the back, usually using a leash or leather strap. With this the person is largely immobilized and especially unable to move the legs out of their forced position. Usually changes in body shape during execution are mostly stopped as well. In this way punishment can be generated with a certain degree of accuracy not to cause unwanted lesions or other severe injuries. It is usually executed with a slightly flexible beating accessories such as a stick or switch. More rarely are short whips or leather straps are used. This form of punishment is primarily used in women's prisons and labor camps where prisoners are often stripped of legs.
The Middle East
Effects
Beatings usually aim at a gentle longitudinal arch on the foot that avoids the structure of the spine and heel. Vault is very touch-sensitive and therefore prone to pain due to tight grouping of nerve endings.
Corporal
When using thin and flexible objects with lighter weights, the corporal effect is usually temporary. Many bones and tendons in the legs are adequately protected by muscle tissue so that the impact is absorbed by the skin and muscle tissue. The skin under the sole of the human foot has a high elasticity and consistency similar to the palm of the hand. Lesions and hematomas are therefore rare when defeating most shallow signs. Depending on the characteristics of the beating device used and the intensity of beating, visible side effects can still be observed for a period of several hours to several days. The person who receives usually can still walk without assistance right after the punishment.
When beatings are performed with heavy rods such as clubs or horns according to the falaka method, fractures generally occur like nerve damage and severe hematoma. Continuous injury can take a long time to heal even with permanent or permanent physical damage to the human musculoskeletal system.
When thin and flexible instruments are used the direct experience of pain is described as acute and burning sting. Instant sensation is highly disproportionate compared to the given force and reflexively radiates through the body. The subsequent pain sensation of a series of strokes is often described as pulsating, piercing or burning and gradually disappearing within hours. A slight or disturbing sensation often remains visible for several days, especially when walking.
When the nerve endings under the sole of the foot do not adapt to repeated sensations or effects, the acceptance of pain is not reduced through continuous beating. Instead the perception of pain is intensified during additional impact through the activation of nociceptors. More than one set of impacts are applied with almost constant strength, pain perception progressively increases until the maximum activation level is reached. For that reason, a noticeable impact can already cause acute pain after a number of previous strokes.
The subjective experience of physical suffering can vary greatly according to one's individual pain tolerance. Acceptance of the pain itself is hereby aggravated by feelings of anxiety and anxiety. The susceptibility of subjective pain is a higher feeling more concerned the individual feels about it. Furthermore, women's gender generally experiences more intensive physical pain and usually reacts with higher levels of anxiety. At the same time women are very sensitive to tenderness. According to each statement, the subjective suffering of women under the influence of lashes of the feet is therefore much more severe. The sensation of acute pain can be experienced as a very unbearable thing.
Mental
Seizing and holding footwear from someone in imprisonment situations, which is commonplace in many countries (Barefoot # Imprisonment and slavery), often has the discrediting and victimizing effect on the individual. Since bare feet are traditionally regarded as a sign of oppression and captivity, unaccustomed and mostly reluctant exposure is often considered embarrassing or oppressive. Increased physical vulnerability with having to stay barefoot often leads to trepidation and insecurity. Therefore, this measure alone can cause significant pressure.
This condition is usually compounded if the bare feet are the target for corporal punishment. Legs are usually hidden and protected by footwear in most social situations, with this avoiding unwanted exposure. Therefore, enforced exposure for the purpose of punishment is largely regarded as a form of harassment. Mandatory restraint further adds to anxiety and humiliation of prisoners.
Any form of methodical corporal punishment usually causes a high degree of sadness through the pain inflicted and the experience becomes helpless and can not avoid the situation. The most frequent losses during punishment and experience of weakness and vulnerability often permanently damage one's self-esteem.
Beating the bottom of one's feet also creates a very strong imbalance between the executing party (prison staff or the like) against the receiving individual (usually a prisoner). A rather private area of ​​the body, which has traditionally remained closed or invisible in the presence of others, is forcibly exposed and beaten. This action is a blunt intrusion into the sphere of personal privacy and the removal of personal boundaries. By this means the receiving person experiences his individual powerlessness against the authority that executes in a very real way. This experience can also change or deconstruct self-perception and individual self-awareness.
As a result, the bastinado experience causes drastic physical and mental suffering to the recipient's individual and is therefore considered a very effective method of corporal punishment. Utilizing the effects of bastinado on a person, still often used in custody in some countries.
See also
- Punishment of a legal entity
- Physical punishment
- Public humiliation
- Flags
- Hit
- Barefoot
- Physical barrier
- Captive rights
- Submit
- Dominatrix
- Other Kingdoms of the World
References
Source
- Rejali, Darius (2009). Torture and Democracy . ISBN 978-0691143330. Ã,
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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