Tiny house movement

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The tiny house movement (also known as "small house movement") is a description for the architectural and social movements that advocate life only in small houses. At present there is no defined definition of what is included as a small house; However, the housing structure below 500 square feet (46 m ² ) is generally accepted as a small house. The small home movement promotes financial caution, eco-friendly options, shared community experience, and changes in consumer-driven thinking.

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In the United States, the average size of single-family homes grew from 1,780 square feet (165 m ² ) in 1978 to 2,479 square feet (230.3m ² ) in 2007, and up to 2,662 square feet (247.3 m ² ) by 2013, despite a decrease in average family size. The reasons for this include an increase in material wealth and the prestige of individuals with high incomes.

The movement of the small house is back to the houses of less than 1,000 square feet (93 m ² ). Often, the distinction is made between small ( small (between 400 square feet (37 m ² ) and 1,000 square feet (93 m ² )), and < i> small house (less than 400 square feet (37 m ² )), with some as small as 80 square feet (7.4 m ² ). Sarah Susanka has been credited with starting a recent opposition to smaller homes when she published The Not So Big House (1997). Earlier pioneers included Lloyd Kahn, author of Shelter (1973) and Lester Walker, author of Tiny Houses (1987). Henry David Thoreau and the publication of his book Walden are also cited as initial inspiration.

The small house on wheels was popularized by Jay Shafer who designed and lived in a 96-square-foot house and then proceeded to offer the first plan for a small house on wheels, initially setting up Tumbleweed Tiny House Company, and then Four Lights Tiny House Company (September). 6, 2012). In 2002, he co-founded, along with Greg Johnson, Shay Salomon and Nigel Valdez the Small House Society. Salomon and Valdez then publish their guidelines for the Small Home Movement, Small Homes on Little Planet (2006) and Johnson publishes his memoirs, Put Your Life on Diet (2008)

With the 2007-08 financial crisis, the small home movement attracted more attention as it offered a more affordable and eco-friendly housing. Overall, however, this is a very small part of real estate transactions. So only 1% of home buyers own a 1,000 square foot house (93 m ² ) or less. Small houses are also used as residential accessory units (or ADUs), to be used as additional housing for aging relatives or returning children, as a home office, or as a guest house. The general cost is around $ 20,000 to $ 50,000 in 2012.

In Oakland, California, Gregory Kloehn built small houses of found material, with an estimated cost of $ 40.

Small and small homes have received increased media coverage including the serial television show, Tiny House Nation , in 2014 and Small Home Hunters . The possibility of building their own homes has encouraged movement, especially for small houses on wheels. The tiny house on wheels is often compared to the RV. However, small houses are built to survive during traditional homes, using traditional building techniques and materials, and are aesthetically similar to larger homes.

Some companies have made plans to make small home development.

Maps Tiny house movement

Outside the United States

Although this movement is most active in America, interest in small houses has been revived in other developed countries. As an example:

• In Japan, where space is at a premium, Takaharu Tezuka built the House to Catch the Sky in Tokyo, a 925-square-foot (85.9 m ² ) home for four people.
• In Barcelona, ​​Spain, Eva Prats and Ricardo Flores present a 300 square foot (28 m ² ) House in a Suitcase .
• In the UK, Abito created a smart 353-square-foot livingroom apartment (32.8 m ² ) in Manchester; Tiny House Scotland has created Nesthouse - a moveable 23 m² (250 square feet) eco-house to explore the possibilities of sustainable small-scale living in a highly isolated wooden frame structure with some Passivhaus principles that ensure energy use very low. These houses cost 155,000 euros
• In Germany, the Vauban community created 5,000 households at an old military base in Freiburg. The planned density of buildings in the area is 50 units of occupancy per acre.
• In Germany, the British architect Richard Horden and the Technical University of Munich developed the Micro-Compact House (M-CH), a small high-end (76-foot square (7.1 m ^{2 )) cube, designed for 1-2 people, with functional space for cooking, cleaning, eating/working, and sleeping.}

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Problems

The increasing popularity of this tiny house, and in particular the rapid rise in the number of amateur and professional builders, has caused concerns about safety among small home professionals. In 2013, at the Tiny House Fair in Yestermorrow in Vermont, the small house builder alliance was formed by Elaine Walker, on the advice of Jay Shafer, to promote ethical business practices and offer guidance for small-house development on wheels. Walker continued this effort in 2015, creating the nonprofit Tiny American Home Association. Walker and founder of lawyers Elizabeth Roberts, homeless advocate Andrew Heben of Urbanism Tent City, Robert Reed of Southface sustainability architect, and builder William Rockhill of Bear Creek Carpentry) are trying to promote this small house as a viable and acceptable residential option and for working with local government agencies to discuss zoning and code rules that can reduce barriers to small lives.

One of the biggest obstacles to the growth of small home movements is the difficulty of finding a place to live in. Zoning regulations typically specify minimum floor size for new construction in a foundation, and for small houses on wheels, parking on own land may be prohibited by local regulations for "camping." In addition, RV parks do not always welcome small houses. DIYers can turn away, as many RV parks require RVs produced by members of the Recreational Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA).

The small house on wheels is considered RV and not suitable for permanent residence, according to the RVIA. From RVBusiness, "The RVIA will continue to shy away from allowing members who produce products that are referred to as 'small houses' or 'small houses'. (However, RVIA does not allow" small houses "builders to join as long as they are built units to park standard RV models.) "

Lower court decisions in the US have dropped several zoning laws related to the size of the problem for small housing. One case is the League of South Jersey, Inc. v. Township Berlin, where the court found that zoning laws related to house size did not protect citizens, so the law was beaten. These decisions are still far from the majority, but they help in enabling the spread of small housing movements

In 2014, the first "small home-friendly town" was declared in Spur, Texas; However, it was later clarified that the tiny house may not be on wheels but must be secured to the foundation.

In July 2016, Washington County, Utah revised their zoning regulations to accommodate several types of small homes.

The more small houses become bigger, heavier, and more expensive. The minimal environmental impact aspiration is lost when the business exploits the popularity of the small house. The difference between small houses and luxury RVs is diminishing, causing some old leaders to abandon the movement.

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Housing for homeless people

The 2007-08 financial crisis triggered the growth of small home movements. In some cities, a deep-rooted homeless population is formed around "tent cities" or camps that become semi-permanent housing. Homeless people in this community are driven by foreclosure and unattainable mortgages from the United States housing bubble.

For thousands of people who lost their homes due to foreclosures or unemployment, tiny houses became an attractive option. With low cost and relatively easy construction, small houses were adopted as a haven for the homeless in Eugene, OR; Olympia, WA; Ithaca, NY; and other cities in at least 10 states. Small home communities can provide a transition to the population towards independence. Emerging communities, including Othello Village in Seattle, WA, initially lacked electricity and heat. In Seattle, the nonprofit has stepped in to help provide the facility.

Small house movements are partially developed for those who are "not interested, unwilling or unable to participate in the traditional housing market". The choice of small homes can often be low-cost and sometimes used to provide housing for the homeless; However, the long-term survival of small homes for the homeless is entirely dependent on the structure and sustainability of the model. Housing of the homeless is said to be a cost saving for the municipality, but strict zoning and land tenure laws make it difficult to root. Some of the benefits of access to housing include privacy, storage, security, dignity, and stability.

In Reno, Nevada, a religious-based group and community advocate have created legislation for new zoning for housing for homeless people through small communities at home. The plan will reflect some of the previous examples above. Each tiny house will cost about $ 3,800 to build, as well as an operating budget of $ 270,000 for case managers to help residents find more permanent housing and project manager positions.

One challenge other than zoning and funding has been the NIMBY response by the community. Communities can weigh the concerns of small communities in slum-dwelling homes or slum neighborhoods that reduce property values ​​from the surrounding environment. For cities like Chicago that might lose affordable housing units, tiny houses are seen as an attractive option to close the gap in housing availability. Community planners also have concerns that the community does not move to slums like during the Great Depression in the "Hoovervilles".

In California, the City of Richmond has engaged UC Berkeley students involved with the THIMBY (Tiny House In My Backyard) project with a pilot program to develop a model for six transitional little houses to be located in Richmond. This is in line with development efforts in the SF Bay Area to use micro apartments and small houses in the fight against housing and Homeless housing crisis in the San Francisco Bay Area. Similar efforts to use a small house to house homeless people are also underway in Oakland through a partnership between City of Oakland and Laney College.

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Pros and cons

In a research article co-authored by The Psychology of Home Environments, it was argued that the impetus behind the tiny home movement centered around civility and conservation desire, in addition to environmental awareness, independence, and wanting adventure life. Environmental psychologists argue that homes affect the emotional state of people because they "facilitate social interaction and the dynamics of power played at home". In building a small house, there is often an inappropriateness between the occupant's needs (s), and the design expressed from the manufacturer's team. This fact is used as a call for architects and design teams to work with psychologists to build smaller houses that better suit the residents' needs (s). In understanding these considerations, it is important to note that not everyone is suitable for small homes.

Smaller homes are cheaper than larger in taxes and buildings, heating, maintenance, and repair costs. Lower cost of living may be beneficial for those aged 55 and older with little savings. In addition to less expense, small houses can encourage a less cluttered and simpler lifestyle and reduce the ecological impact for residents. The typical size of a small house rarely exceeds 500 square feet (46 m ² ). Typical small houses on wheels are typically less than 8 by 20 feet (2.4 x 6.1 m), with a habitable space of 120 m² (less than 2 m ² ) or less, to facilitate towing and exempt from building permit requirements.

Small houses can emphasize design over size, utilizing multiple purpose features and multi-functional furnishings, and incorporate advances in equipment technology and space storage equipment. Optimization of vertical space is also a common feature of small houses and apartments.

Because a small house may be attractive as a second home or retirement home - two out of five people aged over 50 - their increased utilization can lead to more land development. People who are interested in building a small house can experience institutional "discrimination" when building code requires a minimum size above the size of a small house. Also, neighbors may be hostile because they fear a negative impact on the value of their property. There is also an opposition based on this fact, due to concerns about tax increases.

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See also

• Affordable housing
• Cottage
• Friggebod
• Mobile homepage
• Modular building
• Optibo
• Summer house
• Laneway House
• Garden model

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References

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Further reading

• Sarah Susanka, Kira Obolensky The House Is Not So Great: The Blueprint for Our Way Is Truly Live Taunton (1998), ISBNÃ, 1-60085-047-2
• Lloyd Kahn and Bob Easton, Shelter Shelter Publications (1973), ISBNÃ, 978-0394709918
• Ryan Mitchell, Tiny House Living: Ideas for Building and Living Well Less Than 400 Square Feet Betterway (2014), ISBN 978-1440333163
• Andrew Heben, Tent Urbanism The Village Collaborative (2014) ISBN 978-0692248058
• Ford, J., & amp; Gomez-Lanier, L. (2017). Is Small Home Here to Stay? Literature Review of Small Home Movement. Journal of Family Research and Consumer Science, 45 (4), 394-405. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12205
• Furst, A. (2017). Finding Space. Understand how planning responds to small homes for homeless populations (Masters). McGill University School of Planning.
• Turner, C. (2017). IT TAKES A VILLAGE: DESIGNATING "TINY HOUSE HOME" AS A CAMPAIGN HOUSING TRANSITION. Reform of the University of Michigan Law Journal, 50 (4), 931-954.
• Vail, K. (2016). Save American dreams: Legalize small home movements. University of Louisville Law Review, 54 (2), 357-379.

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External links

Media related to Small houses on Wikimedia Commons

Source of the article : Wikipedia