Fulling , also known as tuck or walking (spelled waulking in Scotland), is a step in making woolen fabrics involves cleaning cloth (especially wool) to remove oil, dirt, and other impurities, and make it thicker. Workers who do the job are fuller , tucker , or walker , all of which have become common family names. The Welsh word for grinding is pandy , which appears in many place names, eg Tonypandy ("fulling mill lea").
Video Fulling
Process
Fulling involves two processes, scouring and milling (thickening). Initially, fulling is done by pounding a woolen fabric with a club, or a fuller leg or arm. In Scottish Gaelic tradition, this process is accompanied by casual songs, which women sung to set the tempo. However, from the medieval period, fulling was often done in water milling, followed by stretching the cloth on a large frame known as a tenter, which was attached nervously. From this process the words are restless are revealed, as meaning to be held in tension. The area where tents are established is known as tenterground.
Scouring
In Roman times, the fulfillment was done by slaves who were working on cloth while the ankles were in the bath of human urine. Urine is very important for a full business that is taxed. Stale urine, known as washing, is the source of ammonium salts and helps clean and whiten the fabric. In the medieval period, a fuller earth was introduced for use in the process. It is a material such as soft clay that occurs naturally as an impure aluminum hydrate silicate. It was used along with washing. Recently, soap has been used.
Thickening
The second function of compaction is to thicken the fabric by hooking the fibers together to give it strength and improve the waterproofing (felting). This is very important in the case of wool, made of carding wool, but not for the worst materials made of combing wool. After this stage, water is used to rinse out the foul-smelling substances used during cleaning. Felting wool occurs on a hammer or other mechanical agitation because the microscopic spines on the surface of the wool fibers coalesce, somewhat like Velcro.
Maps Fulling
full company
From the medieval period, fabrics were often made in water mills, known as mills, millers, or folding factories, and in Wales, pandy. In this, the cloth was struck with a wooden hammer, known as full stock or full hammer. Full shares consist of two types, falling stock (operating vertically) used only for scrubbers, and driving or hanging stocks. In both cases the engine is operated by cams on a waterwheel shaft or on a tappet wheel, which lifts the hammer.
Shares of the movers are turned so that the foot (hammer head) hits the fabric almost horizontally. The stock has a tub of liquor and cloth. It is slightly rounded on the far side of the hammer, so the cloth gradually turns around, ensuring that all parts are milled evenly. However, the fabric is taken about every two hours to cancel wrinkles and wrinkles. The 'legs' are roughly triangular, with notches to help deflect the fabric.
History
There are several biblical references to fulfillment (2 Kings 18:17, Isaiah 7: 3 and 36: 2, Malachi 3: 2, Mark 9: 3). Prior to this, at least one reference appeared in Lysias speeches, written in Athens during the 5th century BC. The first reference for the full plant is reported in Persia. At the time of the Crusades at the end of the eleventh century, the factory was full of active medieval worldwide. They seem to originate in the 9th or 10th centuries in Europe. The earliest known reference to a mill mill in France, originating from about 1086, is found in Normandy.
See also
- Bleachfield
- List of laundry topics
- Posting (the washing process)
References
Bibliography
- Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved June 30, 2005.
- E. K. Scott, 'Early Cloth Fulling and Its Machine' Trans. Newcomen Soc. 12 (1931), 30-52.
- E. M. Carus-Wilson, 'The 13th Century Industrial Revolution' Economic History Review , Old Series, 11 (1) (1941), 39-60.
- Reginald Lennard, 'Early English Fulling Mills: additional examples' Economic History Review , New Series, 3 (3) (1951), 342-343.
- R. A. Pelham, Fulling Mills (Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, (grinding booklet 5), c.1958)
- A. J. Parkinson, 'Procurement Plant at Merioneth' J. Merioneth Hist. & amp; Record Soc. 9 (4) (1984), 420-456.
- D. Felting Druchunas ', Vogue Knitting, The Basics', Sixth & amp; Spring Books, NY. (2005); p.Ã, 10.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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