High heels is a type of shoe where the heel, compared to the toes, is much higher than the ground. These shoes are more than just protecting the feet from the ground or increasing the running efficiency. High heels make the wearer taller, accentuating the calf muscles and leg length overall. There are many types of high heels, which come in different styles, colors, and materials, and can be found all over the world. They have significant cultural and stylistic significance attached to them, which have largely been shaped by the historical context of the last 1000 years.
Video High-heeled shoe
History
Pre-1700
High heels have a long and rich history, dating from the tenth century. The Persian cavalry, for example, wears some booty boots with heels to ensure their feet remain in the stirrups. Furthermore, research shows that the heel makes the rider of the arrows, which stands on the galloping horses, safely on the horse. Figure 1 shows that this trend has been translated into a popular 21st century cowboy boot. Having a horse is expensive and time consuming, so to wear the implied sneakers the wearer has significant wealth. The use of these practical and effective heels has set the standard for most horse riding shoes throughout history and even today. Then, in the 12th century th , in India, the heel became visible again. The image of the statue of the Ramappa Temple proves this, indicating the foot of an Indian woman dressed in shoes. Then, during the period of the Middle Ages, both men and women wore platform shoes to lift themselves out of streets littered with garbage and dirt.
1700s
High heels, in terms of 21st century standards, did not occur until about the 1600s in Europe. Men use it to imply their upper class status; only someone who does not have to work, be able, financially and practically, to wear such sumptuous shoes. As Figure 2 shows, royal families like King Louis XIV wore the right to give status. As the shoes began to grow, and other members of the public began wearing high heels, the elite members ordered that their shoes be made higher to distinguish themselves from the lower classes. Authorities have even begun to set the length of high heel dots according to social rankings. Klaus Carl puts these lengths in his book
The design of French high heels from the late 1600s to the 1720s puts weight on the ball of the foot, and is decorated with lace or braided fabrics (Figure 3). From the 1730s to the 1740s, wide heels with upturned legs and buckle fasteners became popular. The 1750s and 1760s introduced heavier and taller heels. The 1790s continued this trend, but added a combination of colors. Moreover, throughout this decade, there is no difference between right and left shoes.
1800s
The heels went out of fashion starting around 1810, and then in 1860 they returned about two and a half inches. Pinet heel and Cromwell's heel are both introduced during this time. Their production also increased with the invention and mass production of sewing machines in the 1850s. With a sewing machine, the results increase because the machine can quickly and inexpensively "position the upper [n] heel, stitc [h], and attac [h] to the one." This is also a prime example of how the heel's popularity interacts with culture and technology at the time.
1900s
By the 1900s carrying two devastating world wars, many countries set rules for rationing almost all aspects of life. These include materials previously used to make heels, such as silk, rubber, or leather; this was replaced with cork and wooden soles. One of the many results of this war is the enhancement of international relations, and sharing a more proliferation mode through photography and film, which helps spread high heel fashion as well. Examples are brown and white pumps with cutouts or ankle straps combined with peep toe. Their practicality yet professional appearance attracts new and fast lifestyle from many women.
Alternatively, World War II led to the popularization of pin-up girl posters, which men often hang on their beds while fighting. Almost all of these girls are depicted wearing high heels, which leads to an increase in the relationship between high heels and female sexuality. A high and thin stiletto heel was discovered in 1950, strengthening the relationship between women, sexuality, and appearance.
At the feminist protest of Miss America in 1968, the protesters symbolically threw a number of feminine products into the "Trash of Freedom." These include high heels, which are among the items that the demonstrators call a "female torture instrument" and what equipment they consider to be female-enforced.
21st century
The complicated and complex history of high heels has led to the various thoughts and cultural lenses through which people see them today. Firstly, it is very exclusively gender in the sense that some men wear high heels in the present. Secondly, magazines like Playboy , as well as other media sources that portray women in sexual ways, often do so using high heels. Paul Morris, a psychology researcher at the University of Portsmouth, argued that high heels featured "sex-specific aspects of the female style", which artificially enhanced female femininity. Each of them, arching the back of a woman who is facilitated by wearing high heels signifies a woman's willingness to be approached by a man. Keeping this underlying sexuality too much, the heel is considered fashionable for women in most cases. Can semiformal with "buttoned silk blouse... jeans and high heels." Or, it can also be formal with a suit or pants. Finally, the cultural values ​​of the 20th and 21st centuries have determined that high heels are the norm in a professional setting for a woman. Some researchers argue that heels have even become part of the women's workplace uniform, and operate in a much larger and complicated set of display rules. The 21st century has introduced a wide spectrum of styles, ranging from heel height and width, to the design and color of shoes.
Maps High-heeled shoe
Type
- Heeled heel - usually a 5 mm thick layer of skin stacked together and trimmed to fit the heel shape. These are commonly known as high heels.
- Continental heel - 7.5 mm, with the top of the heel chest spreading to the center of the shoe.
- Heel steering - similar to the heel of the continent, but the back surface of the heel straight, forming a right angle.
- Cuban heel - similar to the heel of the continent, but not curved, generally medium height
- Pantaloon heels - "similar to pantaloon pants: the heel upper part spreads as it extends to the bottom of the heel, and the heel's waist curves naturally."
- The heel angle - "the surface of the base of the heel is straight up to the waistline, and looks like a Korean letter à ¢ ¬"
- Heel pin - straight and thin
- Cromwell Shoes - based on Oliver Cromwell with heels up to 170 mm (6.5 inches).
- Bar Style - has jewelry or other decorative aspect to follow flapper culture.
- New Look in 1947 - thin/elegant heel, newly discovered by putting steel on the heels. This allows the heel to become very thin without breaking.
- Annabelle - platform heels 7 cm
- Stiletto - High, thin heels; first mentioned in the paper in September 1953.
- Wedgies - It was popularized by Salvatore Ferragamo, who introduced this in the Italian market in the late 1930s.
Materials
High heels have been made of all kinds of materials throughout history. In the early years, cow skin and skin were preferred. As civilization developed, silk and patent leather were introduced, while cork and wood were used as a cheap resource in times of war. After World War and increased steel production, the heel is actually a piece of steel wrapped with several types of materials. This has allowed designers to make heels taller and thinner without them snapping.
Medical research
Joint and back pain
Research shows a correlation between heel height and the number of injuries that occur. In particular, high heels can affect the amount of tension present in the paraspinal muscles, or muscles that run backwards along the spine. Because humans usually stand with flat feet, the body's muscular response to the unnatural feelings of wearing high heels is tense, causing the back, legs, and even the shoulder muscles to tighten to improve balance and stability. Some more specific examples of many negative side effects of wearing shoes include ankle sprain, back and leg pain, Achilles tendon shortening, and loss of joint mobility in the wearer's knee. In particular, shoes with only a small space for the toes, can sometimes press tight enough to cause foot deformity. In addition, the heel can affect the way the wearer goes by slowing down and shortening their normal steps.
Venous swelling
Further research reveals that another possible consequence of wearing heels is increased pressure in a person's blood vessels. Experiments have proved that the higher the heel, "the higher vein pressure in the legs." This means that after repeated use of high heels, varicose veins and other undesirable symptoms are much more likely to appear in the legs. Other studies support these two claims when stating that wearing high heels can cause many long-term effects, including unintentional trauma in some areas of the body.
Feminist Attitude
Research shows that the heel draws attention to long legs and small feet. Some argue that "high heels, perhaps more than other items, are seen as the main symbol of being a woman." High heels often play a key role in emphasizing the wearer, most often a woman, curved back and long buttocks. It's the sexual "natural dating posture" of the wearer, and can turn it into an object subject to a male gaze. This study highlights the heels of emphasis on the appearance of the wearer, rather than their perhaps more valuable internal characteristics such as intelligence, creativity, or strength.
Not popular for men to wear high heels since the late 18th century. Some men see cultural norms, which often mandate that women should wear the right shoes to look professional, not at all problematic. However, women report that they often feel pain to walk in, and usually produce negative side effects on joints and veins after long-term use.
At the feminist protest of Miss America in 1968, the protesters symbolically threw a number of feminine products into the "Trash of Freedom." These include high heels, which are among the items that protesters call "women's torture instruments" and what equipment they regard as enforced femininity.
Some dress codes require women to wear high heels, and there are feminist protests repeated by women workers against the policy.
A Mile in His Shoes
A protest like A Mile in His Shoes is one of the few examples in the 21st century where it is socially acceptable for heterosexual men to wear high heels. The march led men to wear red high heels and walked a mile in violent protest in the home. Some academics have suggested that by wearing high heels for short periods of time, and making the point of acting like they do not know how to walk properly in them, these people reinforce the stereotype that only women can or should wear high clothing. high heels.
Dancing
Some dancers like Yanis Marshall specialize in dancing with high heels.
See also
References
External links
Media related to High heels on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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