Beacon Hill is a historic neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts. According to the US Census 2010., the Beacon Hill Boston environmental population is 9,023.
It is an environment of Federal style rowhouses and is known for its narrow streets, gaslit and brick pavement. Currently, Beacon Hill is considered one of the most desirable and expensive neighborhoods in Boston.
Since Massachusetts State House is in a prominent location on a hilltop, the term "Beacon Hill" is also often used as a metonym in local news media to refer to state or legislative governments.
Video Beacon Hill, Boston
Etymology
Like many regions of the same name, this neighborhood is named for the former flare location at the highest peak in downtown Boston. The flare was used to warn the inmates of an invasion.
Maps Beacon Hill, Boston
Geography
Beacon Hill is bound by Storrow Drive, and Cambridge, Bowdoin, Park, and Beacon Streets. It is about 1/6 square mile, and is located along the banks of the Charles Esplanade River to the west, just north of Boston Common and Boston Public Garden. Blocks bordered by Beacon, Tremont, and Park Streets are also included. Beacon Hill has three parts: the southern slope, the northern slope and the "Flat of the Hill", which is a level environment built in the landfill. To the west of Charles Street and between Beacon Street and Cambridge Street.
Located in the center of the Shawmut Peninsula, this area originally had three hills, Beacon Hill and two others nearby; Pemberton Hill and Mount Vernon, which were leveled for the development of Beacon Hill. The trimount name then changed to "Tremont", just like on Tremont Street. Between 1807 and 1832 Beacon Hill was reduced from a height of 138 feet to 80 feet. Coastlines and water bodies such as Mill Pond have "massive filling", increasing Boston's land area by 150%. Charles Street is one of the new roads created from the project.
Before the hill is reduced substantially, Beacon Hill is located just behind the current location of Massachusetts State House.
Demographics
According to the US Census 2010., the Beacon Hill Boston environmental population is 9,023. This reflects a small (0.3% or 29 individuals) decline of the 2000 Census. The racial/ethnic makeup of the environmental population is as follows: 86.8% of the population are white, 2% black or African American, 4.1% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% American Indian or Alaskan Native, 5.3% Asian, 0.4% few races/ethnicities, and 1.3% two races or more/ethnicities.
According to the estimation of the American Society Survey 2007-2011, of 5,411 households in Beacon Hill, 27.3% are family households and 72.7 are non-family households (with 55.7% of them household women). Of the 1,479 households, 81.6% are married couples. 36.6% of families of married couples were with related children under the age of 18 and 63.4% had no related children under the age of 18. Other family types constituted 18.4% of the Beacon Hill population, with 90.8% being female households without husbands present and the majority of these households include children under 18 years of age.
History
the 17th century
The first European settler was William Blaxton, also spelled Blackstone. In 1625 he built houses and gardens on the southern slopes of Beacon Hill, roughly at the location of Beacon and Spruce street. The settlement is a "preformal setting". In 1630, Boston was inhabited by the Massachusetts Bay Company. The southwestern slope is used by the city for military training and cattle grazing. In 1634, a signal flare was erected on a hill. British sailors and soldiers visited the northern slopes of Beacon Hill in the 17th and 18th centuries. As a result, it became an "undesirable" area for Boston's population. "Fringe activities" occurred on "Mount Whoredom", backslope of Beacon Hill.
18th century
Beacon Street was founded in 1708 from the cattle line to Boston Common. John Singleton Copley has land on the southern slopes for pasture for cows and farms.
In 1787 Charles Bulfinch designed the Massachusetts State House. Its construction was completed in 1795, replacing the Old State House in downtown Boston.
The Mount Vernon Proprietors group was formed to develop a trimount area. The trimount name then changed to "Tremont", as in Tremont Street. when in 1780 the urban environment could no longer meet the needs of more and more people. Eighteen half or 19 acres of grassland west of the State House were purchased in 1795, mostly from John Singleton Copley. The development of the Beacon Hill district began when Charles Bulfinch, an architect and planner, drafted a plan for the environment. Four years later the hills flattened, Mount Vernon Street was laid, and houses were built along it. One of the first houses was Harrison Gray Otis House on Cambridge Street.
19th century
Development
The construction of the house began in earnest at the turn of the century, such as: mansions, symmetrical houses, and tenements. Between 1803 and 1805, the first line house was built for Stephen Higginson.
In the 1830s, residential houses were built for the rich in Chestnut and Mt. Vernon Streets. Some rich people moved, beginning in the 1870s, to the Back Bay with "French-inspired boulevards and bigger, lighter, and airier mansard houses than the denser Beacon Hill."
In the early 19th century, there were "fringe activities" along the shore of Back Bay, with ropewalks along Beacons and Charles Streets.
South slope
The southern slope "became the center of Boston's wealth and power." It is carefully planned for people who leave densely populated areas, such as the North End. The mansion of a mansion, called the Boston Brahmin, is described by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "a harmless, harmless, and untitled aristocracy." They have "houses by Charles Bulfinch, their monopoly on Beacon Street, their ancestral portraits and Chinese porcelain, humanitarianism, Unitarian faith in the mind parade, Yankee shrewdness, and New England exclusivity."
The literary salon and publishing house was founded in the 19th century. "Great thinkers" live in the neighborhood, including Daniel Webster, Henry Thoreau, and Wendell Phillips.
Flat of the Hill
Construction began in the early 19th century. Single-family homes often have stores on the first floor for retailers, carpenters and shoemakers. Today, many of the nineteenth-century waterfront landmarks, such as the Charles Street Meeting House, are found far from water due to the filling that has taken place since then.
North slope
The northern slopes are home to African-Americans, sailors and immigrants of Eastern and Southern Europe. The area around Belknap Street (now Joy Street) in particular became home to over 1,000 blacks beginning in the mid-1700s. While this community is often described as emerging from domestic workers in white homes on the southern slope of Bukit, the property records show that the black community on the northern slopes was well established in 1805, before the filling of the southern slope was completed, and before that the slope of Beacon Hill is considered a prosperous region.
Many black people in the neighborhood attend churches with whites, but have no voice in church affairs and sit in separate seats. The African Meeting House was built in 1806 and in 1840 there were five black churches. The African Meeting House on Joy Street is the community center for black abolitionists. Frederick Douglas speaks there, and William Lloyd Garrison forms the New England Anti-Slavery Society at the Conferences Building. It became "an important nest and depot on the Underground Railroad."
Blacks and whites mostly knit on the removal subject. Beacon Hill is one of the strongest anti-slavery centers in the Antebellum era.
Republicans are founded by abolitionists. One of the earliest black Republican legislators in the United States was Julius Caesar Chappelle (1852-1904), who served as legislator in Boston from 1883-86 and his district included the Beacon Hill region. Chappelle is a popular politician and very well liked and covered by many black newspapers in the United States.
Blacks migrated to Roxbury and South End Boston after the Civil War.
Immigrant
In the later part of the 19th century, Beacon Hill absorbed a wave of Irish, Jewish, and other immigrants
Many houses built of brick and wood in the early 19th century were dilapidated at the end of the Civil War and were destroyed for new housing. Building a brick apartment, or a tenement house built. The yellow brick townhouse was built, generally with a curved window on the first floor and a low ceiling above, the fourth floor. Residential homes are also converted into boarding houses.
The northern slope environment changed when blacks moved from neighborhoods and immigrants, like the Jews of Eastern Europe, made their homes in the community. Vilna Shul was founded in 1898, and the Houses of the African Conference were converted into synagogues.
20th century
Better transport services to the suburbs and other cities led to the city's economic boom in the early 20th century. New buildings, "compatible with the environment", built and older buildings renovated. To ensure that there is control over new development and destruction, the Beacon Hill Association was formed in 1922. In 1940 there was an attempt to replace the brick sidewalks, but the projects were abandoned because of community resistance.
Banks, restaurants and other service industries moved to "Flat of the Hill", with the resulting environmental transformation.
The red light district operated near Beacon Hill in Scollay Square and West End until a renovated urban renovation project of the 1950s. To prevent the urban renewal project from important historical buildings at Beacon Hill, its inhabitants ensure that the public gains the status of the historic district: the southern slopes of 1955, the Flat of the Hill in 1958, and the northern slope in 1963. The Beacon Hill Architecture Commission was established in 1955 to monitor renovation and development projects. For example, in 1963, 70-72 Mount Vernon Street will be demolished for the construction of an apartment building. A compromise was made to guard the building and its exterior and build new apartments in it.
Historical district and national landmark
In 1955, the state law, Chapter 616, created the Historic Beacon Hill District. It was the first district in Massachusetts, designed to protect historic sites and manage urban renewal. Supporting this goal is the local nonprofit Association of Beacon Hill Associations. According to the Massachusetts History Commission, the historic district "seems to have stabilized architectural fabric" from Beacon Hill.
Beacon Hill was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 19, 1962.
21st century
The wealthy Boston family continues to live on the Flat of the Hill and the southern slopes. Residents of the northern slopes include students and professional Suffolk University.
Sites of interest
Black Heritage Trail
African American African National Historic Site is located north of Boston Common. Historic buildings along the Black Heritage Trail today are black home communities, businesses, schools and churches. Charles Street Meeting House was built in 1807, the church has a seat that separates white and black people. The African American History Museum, New England's largest museum dedicated to African American history is located in the Africa Meeting House, adjacent to Abiel Smith School. The meeting house is the oldest black church built by African Americans. Robert Gould Shaw Memorial and the 54th Massachusetts Memorial Regiment are located on Beacon Street and Park Street, opposite the Massachusetts State House.
Massachusetts State House
The Massachusetts State House, located on Beacon Street, is the home of the Commonwealth government. The building of the gold-domed skyscraper was designed by Charles Bulfinch and completed in 1798. Many state buildings of state buildings are modeled after the State Building.
Organization
Community
The Beacon Hill Civic Association has a long history as a community resource for the Beacon Hill neighborhood. Founded in 1922 by a neighbor with the goal of preserving the historic character and housing of Beacon Hill, today continues as a voluntary advocacy organization that focuses on improving the quality of life in the environment. It was first established to fight the city's plans to replace the environmental brick pavement. Since then his efforts have been instrumental in preserving Beacon Hill as a historic district, and have been expanded to include such initiatives as: working to become the first environment to receive residents parking permits, simplify waste services, and create a virtual retirement community that serves the old environment.
No religion
The Club of Odd Volumes, a historic organization on Mount Vernon Street, serves as Bibliophiles' club, library and archives. Markas House, also known as William Hickling Prescott House, is a museum run by the Society of Colonial Dames. The country's oldest legal organization, the Boston Bar Association, is on Beacon Street. Beacon Hill Village is the first formal Elder Village in the United States.
Religion
Religious organizations include Vilna Shul, an Orthodox Jewish synagogue, and the headquarters of the Universalist Association Unitarian. The Adventist Church is a Victorian Gothic Church, faced with a brick with 8 large carillon bells and a 172-foot tower. The Park Street Church, dubbed the "Brimstone Corner" in the 19th century, was used to store gunpowder during the War of 1812. Samuel Francis Smith first sang his song America's Beautiful in this church in 1831. Two years - a year earlier, William Lloyd Garrison spoke to the congregation about the abolition of slavery. One of the few outposts of the small Protestant group of the Swedish Church ofborg is on the Bowdoin Street, and was involved in a controversy in 2013 over alleged extortion by the former mafioso.
Nearby Areas
Beacon Hill is dominated by a settlement, known for its old colonial brick houses with "beautiful doors, decorative ironwork, brick pavements, narrow streets, and gas lights". The restaurant and antique shops are located on Charles Street.
Louisburg Square is "the most prestigious address" on Beacon Hill. Its residents have access to a private garden and live in "the magnificent Greek town houses." Nearby is Acorn Street, often referred to as "the most photographed street in the United States." This is a narrow street paved with rocks that is home to a coach employed by family at Mt. The luxury houses of Vernon and Chestnut Street.
The Harrison Gray Otis House on Cambridge Street was built in 1796. Charles Bulfinch designed this house, and two additional houses, for businessmen and politicians who were instrumental in the development of Beacon Hill and Boston into the state capital. The Otis House is also the headquarters of Historic New England, formerly known as the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. Another famous house is Francis Parkman House and an 1804 townhouse, now the Nichols House Museum. The Nichols House "offers a rare glimpse into the life of the Brahmin" from Rose Standish Nichols, a landscape artist.
Suffolk University
Suffolk University and Law School are adjacent to the Massachusetts State House and the Massachusetts Judicial Court. The Faculty of Law of Suffolk University was founded in 1906.
Transportation
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) subway station at Beacon Hill is:
- Park Street - Red and Green Line
- Bowdoin - Blue Line
- Charles/MGH - Red Line
MBTA buses, MBTA commuter rail, and ferry service are also available.
Famous citizen
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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